November 17, 2:26 PM
Newark Public Policy Examiner
Hana Denson
On September 24 and 25, world leaders from 20 countries met to discuss the global economy and its reformation. The overall message of the summit in Pittsburgh was the plan for a new world order. This would involve reforming the the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank in order to give developing countries more voting power.
According to the G20 research group, "voice reform" in the IMF will establish "the G20 as the new centerer of global economic governance...[which] would finally give the central role to the emerging and established powers... It would treat established and emerging powers as equals."
This would mean reducing IMF seat holders from 24 to 20 but leaving the US shareholding at 17%. In the World Bank, 3% of shareholding would move to developing countries. This change comes less than 2 years after the group added 12 developing countries to the original 8 (7 countries plus the EU).The core G8 countries announced on September 25 that they would not meet separately as an official group. Instead, the group of 8 will hold a separate gathering the night before any G20 event (NBC report).
All of this came a day after the UN General assembly where Security General Ban Ki-Moon called for a time of "Multilateral ism" and "Genuine Collective Action".
But who needs to act and what will the result be? in order to answer these questions we need to understand how the current system has developed.
THE OLD WORLD ORDER
In 1944, International leaders from 44 countries met in New Hampshire to construct a post-war international monetary system which came to include the creation of the IMF and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), together known as the Bretton Woods System. The system established a global exchange rate based on the US dollar which was backed by the gold standard. The American dollar thereby became beneficial for any nation to own. When a developing country was able to increase its exports to the US, it could stockpile foreign (American) currency and invest in domestic production which in turn encouraged employment. The dollar became the chief American export. This constant outward flow of capital was extremely lucrative for the US after WWII.
Even though the dollar was supposedly backed by the gold standard, the US did not limit itself to spending the capital it could exchange for gold, and continued to pay for exports with its deficit. By the late 1950s the world began experiencing a "dollar glut" (saturation of US capital). Today, the global economy has come to rely on a floating exchange rate, meaning the US dollar depreciates when it is not in demand. However, when the dollar was still linked to gold it was unable to adjust its value to cover global inflation. In order to prevent a collapse of foreign confidence and of the US economy, President Richard Nixon suspended the gold standard.
AFTER GOLD: PROFITING FROM FICTITIOUS CAPITAL
The US dollar is again faced with the threat of losing global confidence. The collapse of major national banks along with the mortgage crisis has proven that the US economy has been paying for world leadership with interest--money it does not and has never possessed. Writing for Time magazine, Justin Fox summarized:
The advantage of having your country's currency as the world's reserve currency is that you don't really have to play by the rules: You can run big deficits financed by the rest of the world, you can spend more than you earn, and to a certain extent you can escape the consequences of your profligacy by devaluing your currency when you run into trouble. The obvious disadvantages are that running big deficits and spending more than you earn aren't really great long-term economic strategies
Until the recent depression, the world has relied on the US as the consumer of last resort-- the demand for other nations' supply. But now that the dollar has depreciated, the rest of the world, including the US, hopes China will supplement the drop in US consumption. A Morgan Stanley report stated "between now and 2018, Chinese consumers are likely to add more to global consumption than U.S. consumers, and that by 2018, Chinese consumers will be spending 40 percent as much as U.S. consumers, up from 16 percent in 2008."
The US seems to believe that Chinese consumption will raise the value of, and consequently demand for, the American dollar, thereby avoiding the need to re-evaluate US hegemony.
SEARCHING FOR MULTILATERALISM
Back in March, the People's Bank of China Governor Zhou Xiaochuan proposed a reform to the International monetary system that would replace the current role of the US dollar with an international currency based on the SDR or "Special Drawing Rights" already used by the IMF. The SDR is referred to as a "basket of currencies" because the exchange rate is calculated according to 5 national currencies which are chosen by the IMF every 5 years. SDRs act as a sort of artificial gold standard that other countries can purchase in order to participate in global transactions.
In his statement, Zhou stated
A super-sovereign reserve currency not only eliminates the inherent risks of credit-based sovereign currency, but also makes it possible to manage global liquidity. A super-sovereign reserve currency managed by a global institution could be used to both create and control the global liquidity. And when a country´s currency is no longer used as the yardstick for global trade and as the benchmark for other currencies, the exchange rate policy of the country would be far more effective in adjusting economic imbalances. This will significantly reduce the risks of a future crisis and enhance crisis management capability.
Seven months after this statement was made, the new world order seems to be developing through the struggles of the world’s leading economies to control the flow of capital. Though the incorporation and increased potential for vocalization of developing countries into policy discussions seems to be a step in the right direction, it remains to be seen how this direction will affect the lives of global citizens.
Check back for ongoing coverage of steps being taken toward world economic reform, including President Obama's recent trip to Asia.
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Open Visions from Hell
written by St. Benard Otieno, November 18, 2009
written by St. Benard Otieno, November 18, 2009
The Lord said, "This vision is for the future, and it will come to pass. But I shall return to redeem My bride, My church, and they shall not see it. Awaken, o My people I Sound the alarm to the comers of the earth, for I shall return as My Word has spoken."
I beheld the fiery serpent that was in the right arm of hell.
Jesus said, "Come, see what the Spirit is saying to the world."
I saw the horns of the fiery serpent as they entered the bodies of people on earth. Many were completely possessed by the serpent. As I watched, I saw a huge beast arise in a large place and turn into a man. The inhabitants of the earth ran from him, some into the wilderness, some into caves, and some into subway stations and bomb shelters. They sought any shelter to hide from the eyes of the beast. No one was praising God or talking about Jesus.
A voice said to me, "Where are My people?"
I looked closer and saw people like dead men walking. There was a desperate sadness in the air, and no one turned to the right or left. I saw that the people were being led about by some unseen force. Now and then a voice spoke to them out of the air, and they obeyed the voice. They did not talk to one another. I saw too that the number "666" was written on each one's forehead and on his hands. I saw soldiers on horses herding the people about as though they were cattle.
The American flag, tattered and torn, lay forlornly on the ground. There was no joy, no laughter, no happiness. I saw death and evil everywhere.
The people walked one behind another into a large department store. They kept in step like discouraged soldiers and were dressed identically in a type of prison garb. A fence surrounded the store, and guards were stationed here and there. Everywhere I looked, I saw soldiers in battle-dress uniforms.
I saw these zombie-like people herded into the store, where they were able to buy only the barest necessities. As each completed his purchases, he was placed aboard a large green army truck. The truck, well-guarded, was then driven to another area....................
The beast pushed himself into many places and deceived many people. The rich and the famous were deceived as well as the poor and disfranchised. Small and great paid homage to the beast.
A large machine was brought into an office. The beast put his mark on it, and his voice came out of it. There was also a "big brother" machine that could see into homes and businesses. Only a single machine of this type existed, and it belonged to the beast. The part of the machine that was located in the homes of the people was invisible to the naked eye, but it could and did report to the beast every move the people made. I watched as the beast turned his throne around and faced toward me. On his forehead was the number 666.
When their babies were born, they were taken to another building where mind-altered nurses had the task of raising them. The nurses also had 666 on their foreheads.
The beast grew in power until his empire stretched across the earth. The babies also grew, and at a certain time, they also went beneath the mind-destroying machine. They worshiped the beast and his image. But the machine had no power over the children of God.
I heard the voice of the Lord say, "Those that worship the beast and his image shall perish. Many shall be deceived and will fall, but I will save my children from the beast. These things will take place in the end times. Do not take the mark of the beast. Repent now before it is too late.
"The beast will call himself a man of peace. And he will bring peace to many nations out of a very chaotic time. He will be able to supply the world with many inexpensive goods, and he will assure that everyone's pay is sufficient. He will make an alliance with many nations, and the great men of the world will follow him into a false sense of security.
"Before these times I will raise up an army of believers that will stand for truth and righteousness. The mighty army that Joel spoke about will hear My voice from the rising to the going down of the sun.
"In the night hours also they will hear My voice, and they will answer Me. They will work for Me, and they will run like mighty men of war. They shall do great works for Me, for I will be with them."
All these things were revealed to me by the Lord Jesus Christ in an open vision. They are the words of His mouth, and they concern the times of the end.
Jesus and I returned home, and I wondered about all the things He had shown me and told me. I fell asleep praying for the salvation of all mankind.
EXTRACTED FROM A DIVINE REVELATION OF HELL-MARY K. BAXTER
I beheld the fiery serpent that was in the right arm of hell.
Jesus said, "Come, see what the Spirit is saying to the world."
I saw the horns of the fiery serpent as they entered the bodies of people on earth. Many were completely possessed by the serpent. As I watched, I saw a huge beast arise in a large place and turn into a man. The inhabitants of the earth ran from him, some into the wilderness, some into caves, and some into subway stations and bomb shelters. They sought any shelter to hide from the eyes of the beast. No one was praising God or talking about Jesus.
A voice said to me, "Where are My people?"
I looked closer and saw people like dead men walking. There was a desperate sadness in the air, and no one turned to the right or left. I saw that the people were being led about by some unseen force. Now and then a voice spoke to them out of the air, and they obeyed the voice. They did not talk to one another. I saw too that the number "666" was written on each one's forehead and on his hands. I saw soldiers on horses herding the people about as though they were cattle.
The American flag, tattered and torn, lay forlornly on the ground. There was no joy, no laughter, no happiness. I saw death and evil everywhere.
The people walked one behind another into a large department store. They kept in step like discouraged soldiers and were dressed identically in a type of prison garb. A fence surrounded the store, and guards were stationed here and there. Everywhere I looked, I saw soldiers in battle-dress uniforms.
I saw these zombie-like people herded into the store, where they were able to buy only the barest necessities. As each completed his purchases, he was placed aboard a large green army truck. The truck, well-guarded, was then driven to another area....................
The beast pushed himself into many places and deceived many people. The rich and the famous were deceived as well as the poor and disfranchised. Small and great paid homage to the beast.
A large machine was brought into an office. The beast put his mark on it, and his voice came out of it. There was also a "big brother" machine that could see into homes and businesses. Only a single machine of this type existed, and it belonged to the beast. The part of the machine that was located in the homes of the people was invisible to the naked eye, but it could and did report to the beast every move the people made. I watched as the beast turned his throne around and faced toward me. On his forehead was the number 666.
When their babies were born, they were taken to another building where mind-altered nurses had the task of raising them. The nurses also had 666 on their foreheads.
The beast grew in power until his empire stretched across the earth. The babies also grew, and at a certain time, they also went beneath the mind-destroying machine. They worshiped the beast and his image. But the machine had no power over the children of God.
I heard the voice of the Lord say, "Those that worship the beast and his image shall perish. Many shall be deceived and will fall, but I will save my children from the beast. These things will take place in the end times. Do not take the mark of the beast. Repent now before it is too late.
"The beast will call himself a man of peace. And he will bring peace to many nations out of a very chaotic time. He will be able to supply the world with many inexpensive goods, and he will assure that everyone's pay is sufficient. He will make an alliance with many nations, and the great men of the world will follow him into a false sense of security.
"Before these times I will raise up an army of believers that will stand for truth and righteousness. The mighty army that Joel spoke about will hear My voice from the rising to the going down of the sun.
"In the night hours also they will hear My voice, and they will answer Me. They will work for Me, and they will run like mighty men of war. They shall do great works for Me, for I will be with them."
All these things were revealed to me by the Lord Jesus Christ in an open vision. They are the words of His mouth, and they concern the times of the end.
Jesus and I returned home, and I wondered about all the things He had shown me and told me. I fell asleep praying for the salvation of all mankind.
EXTRACTED FROM A DIVINE REVELATION OF HELL-MARY K. BAXTER
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