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Kuvwuntauzya kabotu-kabotu matalikilo aamweengwe Uutalikilwa kupima buzuba, ncintu ciyubununa kakwiina kudonaika kuti imvwiki zyamazubaano, tiizyakali kuzinguluka lyoonse kazijatene kuzwa ku Malengelo pe. Kufumbwa kusendekezya muzeezo wiimpene akasimpe aaka, nkukotamina zilengwa aziyanza zyabantu - akubikkila bumboni bwamasimpe kumbali. |
Mweengwe uutalikilwa kupima buzuba munyika, mweengwe wakuyeeyela buyo mumutwe uulanduka akataal waanje lwa Pasifiki. Ooyu mweengwe wakaanzwa akubikkwa mumulawo1 mu 1884 kumuswaangano wa Internationalo Meridiani Confarensi ku Washington, D.C.; wakabikkilwa mulimo wakwaandaanya mazuba aayo aajanwa mukkalenda lina Gregory.
Mweengwe wakupimya mazuba munyika, “mweengwe ulaa mulimo wakwaandaanya” mazuba obile aatobelene mukkalenda. Eelyo yebo nokosola mweengwe ooyo, inga waba muntu weendela akataa ziindi zyamazuba obile munzila imwi! Kuti wakosola mweengwe ooyu kotozya kumbo, mpoonya inga waakulijana kuti uli musyule kwa buzuba bomwe, pele kuti wakosola mweengwe ooyu kotozya kusyule nkoozyila, yebo inga wazyokela musyule lyaciindi.”2
Bunji bwaziindi, ooyu Mweengwe Uupima mazuba, uloolokede akutunginizya kwamadigili aali 180°, kawiimpene a mweengwe wa Greenwich uuli ku London, England.3 Ooyu mweengwe tuuli mweengwe uululeme kulandabala pe, nkaambo kuli zintu azimwi zya mapolitikisi zyakweeleba munzila muuyinda, azintu zyamakwebo. Cibaka cakasalilwa mweengwe ooyu, ncibaka citakwe cintu ceebeka, alimwi aawo mpocibede cibaka eeco kunyina acilengwa leza cikonzya kujanwa kacisimpidwe mumundando mowiinda mweengwe ooyo.
Madigilii aali 180 ngaakasalilwa [Mweengwe wakupimya mazuba Munyika], nkaambo ooyu mweengwe ziindi zinjaanji, wiinda mulwaanje lutakwe nyika akataa lwaanje lwa Pasifiki, kuuyaa kupenauka kutegwa masi aali munsimunsi akonzye kubaa mazuba aayimpene. Aboobo madigilii aali 180 aakasalwa, taakwe ncaayiminina, pele ngaakabelesyegwa kubamba mweengwe waandaanya mazuba aano.4
Mweengwe Wakupimya Mazuba Munyika, ulakonzya kubeda kufumbwa abusena . . . Pele cilainda kubota kuti muntu kali madigilii aali 180° kulaale amweengwe ooyo uukosola mu Greenwich, ku England. Alimwi ncibotu akuti oobu busena kabuvwunikidwe atalaa lwaanjwe lutakwe cintu pele luzwide meenda. Nokuba boobo, lyoonse kuli masena oomo muuyelede kupenauka kutegwa bantu bakkala muzyooko eezyo bakonzye kupima ciindi.5
"Mweengwe wamadigilii 180° wakasalwa
kuba Mweengwe Wakupimya Ciindi Munyika
nkaambo wiinda mumasena aatakkedwe bantu
Akataa Lwaanje lwa Pasifiki.
Wakasalwa mumuswaangano wa Ziindi zya Nyika mu
1884 ku Washington, D.C., ooko zisi zili 26 nkozyaabungene."
(https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dateline.html,
eeci cakazubulwa mu Kaanda kaniini 20, 2017.)
Mweengwe Wakupimya Mazuba Munyika (IDL) mubufwaafwi:
Imweengwe Uupima Ciindi uubelesya Zuba-amwezi ngomweengwe uusimpidwe atalaa nyika eelyo mwezi azuba nozyeendela abusena bomwe, mwezi nuutalibonyi.6 Eeci ncintu cicitika kumatalikilo aakuzinguluka kwa mwezi, alimwi ncintu cikonzya kulangilwa kucitika lyoonse aciindi ceelede. Kuleka mbuli mweengwe wakaanzwa amuntu, ooyu Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba aMwezi, tuuli mweengwe wakusendekezya pe; ngwamasimpe alimwi uyeeme atalaa kuzunguluka kwa mimuni yamweenya wakujulu eeyo njaakabikka Mwami Yahuwah ku Malengelo.
Alimwi Elohimu wakati, Akube mimuni mumweenya wakujulu kuti yaandaanye buzuba kuzwa kubusiku; alimwi ibe zitondezyo zyaziindi, aziindi zyamwaka [ziindi zyakukomba7], akutondezya mazuba, amyaka. (Matalikilo 1:14)
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Amumvwisiye kuti Matalikilo taalembedwe kuti... "Alimwi Elohimu wakati, Akukabe nkamu yabaalumi (mumyaka 6,000 kuzwa ciindi cino) kuti bakalengelezye mweengwe akusendekezya buyo kufumbwa mizeezo yabo mbwiiyeeyela, kuti ooyo mweengwe ukaandaanye buzuba kuzwa kubusiku; alimwi ibe zitondezyo, zyaziindi zyamwaka [ziindi zyakukomba], akutondezya mazuba, amyaka" pe. |
Cintu cipa kuti ooyu Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi ulondoke boobu ncakuti, ooyu mweengwe ulatuzumizya kwaandaanya akataa mazuba kakwiina muntu uunyonganya cintu eeco pe, mbuli (mweengwe Wakusendekezya Kupima mazuba Munyika).8 Eelyo muntu natalikila kubalila Buzuba Butaanzi bwa Mwezi Mupya kuti butalikila kubucedo butobela ciindi zuba amwezi noziimpana akweendela antoomwe, inga nyika yoonse yeendela antoomwe kuleka buyo kubamba mapobwe a Nsabata, pele akubalila mazuba woonse aatobelana munzila iiluleme. Ooku mumajwi amwi, nkokwaamba kuti bantu boonse balaa nyika batalikila buzuba bomwe muciindi comwe mukati kamawoola aali 24.
Eeco ciindi zuba amwezi noziimpana akuzinguluka antoomwe, kumwi mwezi kuutalibonyi, nceciindi eelyo nuutalika mulongo mupya wamazuba aali mumwezi ooyo. Bucedo buya kumbele kusalazya kusikila kwaca mu Buzuba Butaanzi bwa Mwezi Mupya atalaa nyika yoonse mumawoola aali 24. Mpoonya kuzwa waawo, mazuba aali cisambomwe alatobela a Nsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba kumamanino aamvwiki. Nokuba kuti ooyu mweengwe wa Mwami Yahuwah, inga waamba akuti “mweengwe wakubucedo”, ooyu mweengwe ulacinca muzyooko zyaandeene mwezi-amwezi, pele kuti muntu watalikila kubalila mazuba aciindi camwezi kuzwa mu Buzuba Butaanzi bwa Mwezi Mupya, eeco inga cazumizya bantu boonse atalaa nyika kuti batalikile buzuba oobo mumulongo wamawoola aali 24 ngeenya antoomwe. Aboobo cintu citobela ncakuti, kunyina nokuciyandika kubelesya mweengwe wakusendekezya mumizeezo yamuntu pe.
Kuti mapobwe ookwa Taata naakali kubambwa lyoonse akutalubwa alimwi ikkalenda Lyakwe nilyatakasulaikwa, nikwanyina kaambo kakutobela manjezyeezya aabantu aakubamba mweengwe wa IDL.
(1a) Hena Mweengwe Uupima mazuba Munyika ulijatene acilengwa leza cikonzya kubonwa ameso na?
Nee peepe. Mweengwe wa IDL mweengwe wakusendekezya buyo 100%, mweengwe wamanjezyeezya uugwalangene akuzelauka ooku akooku.
(1b) Hena Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi uyeeme kucintu cikonzya kubonwa muzilengwa leza na?
Inzya. Ooyu mweengwe uyeeme kukuzinguluka kwa mimuni yakalengwa akwaanzikwa mumweenya wakujulu (kweendelenya a Matalikilo 1:14).
(2a) Hena Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika ulakonzya kusezyegwa amuntu na?
Inzya ncobeni. Bantu bakaselezya mweengwe wa IDL ziindi zinjaanji nkaambo kamapolitikisi amakwebo.
(2b) Hena Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi ulakonzya kusezyegwa amuntu na?
Nee peepe. Nkaambo kakuti ooyu mweengwe (tuli mweengwe wakabikkwaa muntu), walo weendelezyegwa aamimuni iilengedwe alimwi yaazinkidwe mumweenya wakujulu; tuukonzyi kusezyegwa amuntu pe. Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi weendelezyegwa cigaminina a Taata Yahuwah Lwakwe mwini. Walo kwiinda mubusongo Bwakwe, wakabamba nyika alimwi kwiinda muluzyibo Lwakwe wakaanzika majulu. (Tusimpi 3:19)
(3a) Nguni wakasendekezya Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika?
Imweengwe wa IDL wakaanzwa ankamu yabanalumi ku Washington, D.C..
(3b) Nguni wakalenga Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi?
Imweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi wakalengwa aa Mwami Yahuwah. Lyoonse ooyu mweengwe, utalikila kumatalikilo aamwezi kwiinda mubweende bwa mimuni yakujulu (kweendelana abulembedwe mu Matalikilo. 1:14).
(4a) Ino Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika, wakabambwa lili?
Ooyu mweengwe wa IDL wakabambwa mu 1884.
(4b) Ino Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi wakabambwa lili?
Imweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi, wakabikkwa ku Malengelo eelyo zuba amwezi nizyaapegwa mulimo wazyo wakupa mumuni akutondezya ziindi.
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Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse |
Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi |
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Mweengwe wakusendekezya uugwalangene |
Mweengwe wamasimpe, uukonzya kubonwa, weendelezyegwa amimuni yakujulu. |
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Tuukonzyi kusezyegwa abantu (Nkaambo Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi utobelezya mimuni yakujulu, tuugumwi maanza aamuntu pe. Ooyu Mweengwe weendelezyegwa aa Taata Yahuwah Lwakwe mwini.) |
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Wakabikkwa a Mulengi wesu (Mweengwe Uupima Ciindi Kubelesya Zuba-amwezi utalikilwa kumatalikilo aamwezi kwiinda mukuzinguluka kwa mimuni yakujulu, kweendelanya abulembedwe mu Matalikilo. 1:14.) |
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Wakaanzwa mu 1884 |
Wakabikkwa ku Malengelo |
Bantu banjaanji mazubaano, bayaa kusinsimuka akutalika kubona twaambo twakubejelezya akweena kwini ooko kumvwugwa muzikombelo, aboobo bayaa kupiluka kucizuminano camu Bbaibbele. Bayaa kwiibaluka mapobwe ookwa Yahuwah mbwaanooliko lyoonse kukabe kutamani, alimwi bayaa kulisungula akulyaaba kuzyokela kubuumi bwakulisetekanya akubamba kufumbwa cili coonse eeco Mwami ncaakalailila kuti citobelwe. Cintu ciindwa kumbali kanjaanji, nokuba boobo, ncakuti, eelyo kkalenda libelesyegwa kubalila mapobwe mazubaano, ndikkalenda lya kukomba mituni nyaanya. Kuleka buyo ceeco, lilinjilaukene a Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse. Aaka nkaambo kakatazya kumvwisisya kuli baabo balipeekezya kuti basyoma ncobeni mu Mangwalo alikke luzutu. Kuti muntu kazuunyana kulipeekezya kusyoma mangwalo alikke kakunyina kusyoma cimbi9 pele kumwi muntu ooyo kadyaaminina mapobwe aa Mwami Yahuwah kunsaa Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse wakabambwa amuntu, eeco ncintu citaluleme pe. Koima mukwabo aawa uswe ciya kaindi kasyoonto buyo, akwiibaluka cintu eeci. Mbubuti Nsabata a mapobwe aasika ciindi comwe amwaka mbwaanga ayaamina munzila yakupima ciindi eeyo yakabambwa buyo mumyaka yakainda iili 130?
Kuti muntu kazuunyane kulipeekezya kusyoma mangwalo alikke kakunyina kusyoma cimbi pele kumwi muntu ooyo kadyaaminina mapobwe aa Mwami Yahuwah kunsaa Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse wakabambwa amuntu, eeco ncintu citaluleme pe.
Cikombelo ca SDA cakali lelekedwe abuvwubi bwa Kasimpe mu Mangwalo. Cimwi cibeela cakasimpe aako, ncakuti balo balaibaluka ncokuyandikila kubamba buzuba bwa Nsabata akubusetekanya. Cintu cuusisya nokuba boobo ncakuti, ba SDA bakagagambatila kukaka mulumbe wabangele botatwe mubukkwene amumuni uuyungizya kumweka wa Kkalenda lyamu Bbaibbele. Mbokuli boobo, balo bazuunyene kulamatila akusumpula buzuba bwa Mujibelo bujanwa mu kkalenda lina Gregory (kweendelanya amweengwe wakabambwa amuntu wa IDL), kumwi kabacilikankaizya kuti balo Mangwalo alikke ndolusyomo amulimo wabo.
Kuti koli muna SDA, twakukomba kuti wiime aawa akulizeeza masimpe mumoyo wako: Kuti nkondo yamamanino kiili buyo akataa Mujibelo a Nsondo, mbubuti mbocinga caba kuti aayo mazuba ayimpene buyo amweengwe wakaanzwa mu 1884 ankamu yabaalumi ku Washington D.C.? |
Basicikombelo ba SDA balidadanyene kutaminina kuti Mujibelo mbobuzuba bwa Nsabata yamu Bbaibbele akubbodoola kuti Nsondo mbuzuba bwakukomba mituni, pele basinkila meso aabo kubona kasimpe kakuti, ooyo mweengwe wakabambwa amuntu, ncecintu cilikke caandaanya mazuba obile aayo. Balo balizyi kabotu makani aakubamba Nsabata akulubizya kuli mukusumpula buzuba bwakukomba zuba mituni (nsondo), pele tababwene kaambo kali mukulekela manjezyeezya aamuntu kuti abajanine buzuba bwaciloba akubazyibya nobutalika buzuba butobela (kubelesya Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse wakabambwa amuntu). Tee kayi ooko nkuungulwa maanu. Cilikke cintu ciimpene akataa "Caando cokwa Yahuwah" a "Caando ca Munyama" mu lwiiyo lwaba SDA, mweengwe wakabambwa amuntu ooyo uubelesyegwa kubalila mazuba munyika yoonse. Kuti yebo oobala waawa koli muna SDA, twakukomba cakulitolaansi kuti yebo wiime akutalika kulizeeza ncobeni mumoyo wako makani aaya: Kuti nkondo yamamanino kiili nkondo yakulwanina buyo akataa Mujibelo a Nsondo, mbubuti mbokunga mazuba obile aaya kaayimpene buyo kubelesya mweengwe wakabambwa abantu bapona ansi aano ku Washington D.C.? Alimwi kuti Mujibelo kabuli buzuba bwa Nsabata yansiku lini yamu Mangwalo, nkaambo nzi ncobubalilwa akujanwa kubelesya nzila yakabambwa buyo amuntu kaindi kasyoonto mu 1884 kuleka kuzwa ku Malengelo aanyika mbuli Mwami Leza Yahuwah mbwaakalenga?
Mweengwe Uupima Mazuba Munyika Yoonse wakasezyegwa a akuzelausyigwa ziindi zinjaanji kuzwa niwaabambwa. Kuleka buyo ceeco, awalo mulawo weendelezya mweengwe ooyu10 wakapindaulwa kusikila ziindi zyobile :
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Mweengwe wakutalikila buzuba niwaapindululwa ku Alaska mu 1867, akuuntuluzyila kubambulwa kwaacitidwe ku Philippine mu 1844/45 mbuli mbokulembedwe mumalembe aane (1885-1890) ookwa Meyers Konversationslexikons (myweengwe italikilwa ku myeengwe yaba Ferro a Paris) Cakalembwa kuzwa mu: https://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm |
Ku Philippinesi: Mu 1844, nsumbu ya Philippines (antoomwe a nsumbu zya Mariana, Guam, a Caroline), zyakasotoka akuzimaanya buzuba Bwabili, Nalupale 31 kuzwa mukkalenda lyabo, akutonkela mweengwe wakutalikila buzuba kutozya kujwe lyansumbu yabo. Cintu cakatobela waawo ncakuti, oobo buzuba bwakali kubalilwa kuti mbuzuba Bwasanu kusikila ciindi eeco, lino bwakaba bwa Nsabata yabo, alimwi oobo buzuba bwakali kwaambwa kuti bwakali bwa Nsabata kusikila mumwaka ooyo, lino bwakabalwa kuti ni Nsondo. Ba SDA baku Philippinesi balakazya makani woonse aaya kuti akacitika ncobeni, kumwi kabatwanga akukomba mubuzuba bupya bwa Mujibelo kuti, "Nsabata yesu ni Nsabata ya Cizuminano Cipya."11 Mubwini, lwiiyo lwaba SDA lwaamba kuti aabo babamba buzuba oobo bwakali Mujibelo kusikila mwaka ooyo (lino bwakaitwa kuti Nsondo) bali muntenda yakutambula “caando ca munyama.” Eeci ncintu cizilaisya alimwi citaluleme. Mbubuti muntu uusyomeka kuyandaula kasimpe mbwanga watonkomana kulamatila lwiiyo lutaluleme lwakuti mvwiki ilazinguluka kakwiina kuyozya, kumwi ooyo muntu kabwene bumboni bumutondezya kuti eeco ncintu cabufubafuba alimwi cilipyopyongene.
Ku Alaska: Eelyo cisi ca Amelika nicakaula cooko ca Alaska kuzwa kucisi ca Russia mu 1867, ooyu mweengwe wakubalila ciindi wakasezyelwa kumbo. Aboobo cintu cakatobela ncakuti, cooko ca, Alaska cakatalika kubamba mazuba aa Bwasanu obile kaatobelene.
Eelyo Mulembi wa Cisi ca Amelika William Seward naakasungilizya makani aayo, mfulumende yaku Amelika yakazumizya kuula cooko ca Alaska kuzwa kucisi ca Russia mali aasika $7,200,000, mu Mukubwe Kaangala 9, 1867, mpoonya ndembela yaku Amelika yakaanzikwa mumwezi wa Kavwumbi kaniini 18 mumwaka ngweenya ooyo (oobo buzuba lino bwiitwa kuti Mbuzuba bwa Alaska). Mpeenya aciindi eeco nibakacincana mali akuulana anyika, Mweengwe Wakupimya Mazuba Munyika Yoonse awalo wakapindulwa akusezyelwa kumbo, aboobo cooko ca Alaska cakacinca kuzwa mukubelesya kkalenda lina Juliyasi akutalika kubelesya lina Gregory. Aboobo kubantu bakali kukkala mucooko canyika eeco, buzuba Bwasanu, Kavwumbi Kaniini 6, 1867 bwakatobelwa a Bwasanu, Kavwumbi Kaniini 18, 1867; mazuba obile akatobelana kaaitwa kuti Bwasanu nkaambo kakutonkela mweengwe wakupimya mazuba kumbo.12
Eeci caambilizya kuti oobo buzuba bwakazyibidwe kuti Mujibelo kusikila ciindi eeco, lino bwakaba Bwasanu, alimwi oobo buzuba bwakazyibidwe kuti ni Nsondo, lino bwakaba Mujibelo. Kolya koyeeya musa; Bantu babamba nsabata Mujibelo baku Alaska mazubaano bakomba mubuzuba bwakali Nsondo mumyaka iili 150 yakainda musyule lyesu. Alimwi nokuba kutwanga kwa Cikombelo ca SDA, akwalo kulikonkede kuti aabo bazumanana kukomba mu Nsondo mbabayootambula caando ca munyama. Mbubuti eeco cintu mbocinga cacitika, kakuli mumyaka iili buyo 150 musyule lyesu, buzuba oobo mbubakali kukomba kuti (Mujibelo) aaba bantu, mubwini oobo bwakali buzuba bwa Nsondo? Ikuba muntu munkutwe wabusongo, ncintu ciyandika akataa bantu bokwa Yahuwah basyoma; pele kuti bazumine kusyaanikizya mapobwe aa Kujulu mukkalenda lyakabambwa amuntu, ooko nkufubaala akuzilaika.
Ku nsumbu zya Samoa a Tokelau: Mu 1892, mweengwe wakupimya mazuba munyika (IDL) wakasezyelwa kumbo lyansumbu zya Samoa. Eeci cakakonzyeka kucitwa kwiinda mukutalika kubamba buzuba bwa Muvwulo, Kunkumuna masamu 4 kuti abe mazuba obile aatobelana. Kakwiindide myaka 119, mu 2011, nsumbu ya Samoa yakasumpya mweengwe wakupimya mazuba kujwe, akugwisyila buzuba bomwe Bwasanu, Nalupale 30 kuzwa mukkalenda lyabo. Nsumbu ya Tokelau, eeyo yakali munsimunsi alimwi iibalilwa kucisi ca New Zealandi, ayalo yakasangana mucilengwa eeco. Buno buzuba, ooyu mweengwe, wiinda akataa nsumbu zya Samoa aya Samoa waku Amelika.
Bunji bwaba SDA aabo bakkala ku Samoa lino bakomba mu Nsondo mpya nkaambo, balo baamba kuti, imvwiki iizinguluka lyoonse kakwiina kulekezya, njilaa mpindu; kwiina buzuba bwakusotoka butakwe mpindu kuti mvwiki kazijatene. Pele, bafwinyina meso kukasimpe kakuti ooku kupinduka kwakacitika mu 2011 kwakali kupilusya buyo nsumbu ya Samoa kumvwiki yakkalenda eelyo ndibakali kutobela musyule lyamwaka wa 1892. Ooku nkuziima ncobeni alimwi ncintu citondezya kufubaala kuli mukutaminina kuti imvwiki yamazubaano yakali kuzinguluka lyoonse kakwiina kulekezya kuzwa ku Malengelo.
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Kweendelanya alusyomo lwaba SDA, caando cokwa Yahuwah (kubamba Nsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba) a caando camunyama (Kubamba Nsondo), ncintu comwe buyo munsumbu yaku Samoa. Eeci cilikke, ncecintu ceelede kusunka muna SDA uusyomeka ncobeni kuti alizeeze mpaimvwi mulusyomo lwa Nsabata yamasimpe yamu Bbaibbele.
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Nsumbu ya Kwajaleini: Mu 1993, nsumbu ya Kwajalein (imwi akataa nsumbu zya Marshall), ayalo yakamwaya buzuba bwa Mujibelo, Kasangalubwi 21 kuzwa mukkalenda lyayo, akupa kuti mweengwe wakupimya mazuba munyika utonkelwe kujwe. Eeco cakaleta kumvwana akataa nsumbu ya Kwajalein ansumbu zimwi kusikila ciindi eeco zyakalaa mazuba aayimpene.
Kujwe lya nsumbu ya Kiribati: Mu 1995, nsumbu ya Kiribati yakatonkela mweengwe wakupimya mazuba munyika kugama kujwe nkaambo ka “makani aabweendelezi.”13 (Musyule lyaciindi eeco, bulelo bwaku Kiribati bwakalaandudwe akati amweengwe ooyu wakubalila ciindi.)
MubuJuuda bwamazubaano, kuli mizeezo mipati yone14 iijatikizya mweengwe wakutalikila kupima buzuba ooyu:
Nokuba kuti kunyina muntu uusyomeka kuyandaula kasimpe ooyo uunga wayaamina kubantu balipeekezya kuba “BaJuuda” kuti bamugwasye cintu ncobasyoma nociba cili buti, masimpe eeni ngakuti kuli kuzwangana akataa bamayi babaJuuda, alimwi eeco ncecintu citondezya kuti kuli kaambo kapati ncobeni ncobatamvwanini.
Ino mbuti kayi Bamatata a Bashinshimi mbubakali kubalila mazuba akupima ciindi? Hena swebo tweelede kusyoma kuti aabo bantu bokwa Yahuwah, bakali kupona kuutaninga sika muyoba, alimwi abamatata/ abashinshimi aabo bakapona kawiindide muyoba, kuti bakali kubelesya mweengwe wamanjezyeezya uupenauka akukosola akataa lwaanje lwa Pasifiki kuti babale mazuba aabo kusikila kumazuba aa Nsabata amapobwe aabupaizi? Ooku nkudyuuma ncobeni. Nkaambo mweengwe uupima aatalikila mazubaano, wakabambwa buyo mu 1884 abantu banyama alimwi wakabambilwa makwebo kuleka kubambilwa bupaizi bwa Bbaibbele.
Amulizeeze kwakaindi kasyoonto buyo: Eelyo mukwasyi ookwa Noah niwaatalika kukomena akuzyalanisya atalaa nyika kawiindide muyoba, bamwi nibakali kunga bakabweza misinzo kugama kujwe alimwi bamwi kabaya kumbo. Mukuya kwaciindi, eezi nkamu zya bwanabokwabo nizyakaswaangana kubbazu lyanyika kulaale. Lino amwiibaluke makani aaya: Kuti bana ba Noah nibakali kutobelezya mvwiki iizinguluka kakwiina kulekezya, balo nibakaliimpene kwabuzuba bomwe eelyo nibakaswaangana kubbazu lya nyika kulaale (imwi nkamu kiibamba buzuba bwacisambomwe, kakuli imwi kiibalila kuti oobo mbuzuba bwaciloba). Eeci nicakaba boobo nkaambo aabo bakali kugama kujwe kumapasukilo aazuba (akufwamba kutalikila kubala mazuba, nibakali kuyaa bweenda kuya kujwe), kakuli aabo bakali kugama kumbo kumabbililo aazuba (akulelema kutalika kubalila mazuba, aabo nibakali kuyaa kusakana kuya kumbo). Cintu cakali kunga catobela eelyo nizyakaswaangana nkamu zyabantu zyobile eezyo, aabo bakali kujwe inga nibakali kumbele kwabuzuba bomwe nkaambo bakali kumapasukilo aazuba, kakuli aabo bakali kugama kumbo nibakali musyule kwabuzuba bomwe nkaambo bakali musyule kumabbililo aazuba. Nkabela, nguni akataa nkamu zyobile eezyi wakali kunga uliluleme? Ndikkalenda lyankamu iili lyakali kunga lyaambwa kuti lililuleme? Bwiinguzi bwakuti: Kuti nibakali kupima ciindi akubalila mazuba kubelesya mvwiki iizinguluka kakwiina kulekezya, zyoonse zyobile nkamu nizyakali luleme, eeco ncintu citakonzyi kucitika kuti mazuba aayimpene obile aambwe kuti mbuzuba bomwe. Eeci inga alimwi catondezya bufubafuba bwakusyoma kuti mvwiki ilazinguluka kakwiina kulekezya.
Mubuzyo: Kuti banalumi abamakaintu bansiku aabo bakali kusyoma Mwami Yahuwah nibatakali kubelesya mweengwe wakubeja wamazubaano kuti bapime ciindi akubalila mazuba aabo, ino bakali kubelesya nzi?
Mpoonya Elohimu wakati, Akube mimuni mumweenya wakujulu kuti yaandaane buzuba kuzwa kumasiku; alimwi ayibe zitondezyo, zitondezya ziindi zyamwaka, amazuba, amyaka. (Matalikilo 1:14)
Bwiinguzi: Bakali kubelesya Mweengwe Uupima Buzuba akubelesya Zuba-amwezi, ooyo wiinduluka kutalika lyoonse kwiinda mu “mimuni yamweenya wakujulu.” Kuti bantu bakali kwiingaila kulubila nibatakayaamuka kuzwa kukkalenda lya Kujulu akusowela kumbali mazuba aamapobwe ookwa Yahuwah, ooyo mweengwe wakulengelezya niwatakayandika kwaanzwa. Kulengelezya mweengwe ooyu uutakwe mpuusimpidwe wakabambwa amuntu, nkuyumya nsingo akuzangila julu caantangalala.
Mubuzyo: Hena inywe mulakonzya kubamba Nsabata Mujibelo kakwiina kubelesya
mweengwe wakupimya ciindi ooyo wakabikkwa amuntu na?
Bwiinguzi: Nee tamukonzyi kucita eeco pe. Ncintu citakonzyeki kubelesya Kkalenda lina Gregory lyaba Katolika kakwiina kubelesya amweengwe wakupimya ciindi ooyo wakabambwa amuntu – nkaambo ooyu mweengwe wini ngowaambila bantu babelesya kkalenda eelyo kuti ngali mazuba aayelede kwiitwa kuti alisetekene, alimwi ngaali mazuba aayelede kubelekwa milimo. Ambweni aaka takali kaambo kapati kuzikombelo eezyo zikomba mu Nsondo akuyiisya kuti kunyina mulawo wakubamba Nsabata, pele kuli baabo bayandisya malailile aa Mwami Yahuwah alimwi bazyi kabotu mpindu iitamani ya Nsabata amapobwe Aakwe, eeci ncecintu cini caandaanya akataa zintu zisetekene azintu zyabuyo munyika yoonse!
Kuti swebo katuyanda kumubelekela Taata kakwiina kupindaula cili coonse, swebo tweelede kulekela Jwi Lyakwe lilikke buyo kuti litusandulwide akututondezya cintu cisetekene kuzwa kuli ceeco cabuyo. Ooku nkokwaamba kuti swebo tweelede kubelesya Kkalenda lya Kujulu alimwi akubelesya mweengwe wakupimya mazuba wa Kujulu, kutegwa tukonzye kuzyiba ncobeni Nsabata amapobwe naatusikila, kuleka kubelesya mweengwe uugwalangene akuzelauka mulwaanje lwa Pasifiki kwamyaka iili buyo 130.
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Kubuzya MibuzyoKuti yebo koli umwi akataa bantu babamba nsabata Mujibelo, komubuzya mweembezi wacikombelo nkozulilwa kuti, “Mbubuti swebo mbotunga twazumanana kubamba nsabata Mujibelo kakwiina kubelesya Mweengwe Wakupimya Mazuba ooyo wakabambwa aamuntu kwamyaka iili 130 buyo?” Kuti Musololi wacikombelo cako kali muntu uusyomeka, walo inga wazuminana anduwe kuti tacili cintu cikonzyeka pe. Inyika yoonse tiikonzyi kuswaangana kubelesya buzuba bwa kkalenda lina Gregory kakwiina kubelesya Mweengwe ooyo Wakutalikila kubalila Mazuba Munyika Yoonse. Mubuzyo wini wamaanu uunga watobela waawo ngwakuti, Ïno mbubuti Mujibelo mbobuli buzuba bwa Kujulu oobo bwakasalwa kuba Nsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba?” Kunyina pe muntu mbwanga wazelauka kwiingula makani aaya akwaalulamika; kuti buzuba bwini bwa Nsabata kabulaa mulimo ncobeni mumeso aaJulu, nkokuti ayalo nzila iibelesyegwa kupima akubalila mazuba kusikila kubuzuba oobo, ayalo ilaa mulimo ncobeni. Kwiina pe mbonga wataminina zintu zyoonse, yebo tokonzyi kwaamba kuti Nsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba ilaa mulimo kapati kuli Taata wesu uuli Kujulu, kumwi yebo koya kumbele kuzuminizya nzila yamuntu yakutalikila akumanizya buzuba bwaciloba bwa Nsabata (kwiinda mukubelesya Mweengwe Wakubalila Mazuba Munyika Yoonse). |
Lino mbwaavwunuka meso aako akulibonena kucengwa kuli mukkalenda lyamazubaano, ninzi yebo ncoticite? Hena yebo ulatalika ono kuteelela akutalika kubala mabbuku akuvwuntauzya kasimpe, kumwi kotobela kkalenda lya Kujulu libelesya Zuba amwezi antoomwe? Naa yebo ucizumenene muncinko yakusinka matwi kumwi kodukwide syule lyako kokaka mumuni? Hena yebo ulabweza ciciingano cako akutobela Mwanaambelele kufumbwa kwakusolweda? Naa yebo uyoozyatila matende aako kukaka lwiito Lwakwe, akupiluka kubumpelenge bwamusinze oomo mookaitwa kuti uyaamuke? Mupailo wesu ngwakuti yebo uyoolibbukumuna muya wabu Laodisiya, akutija kuzwa mumunzi wa Bbabbuloni ciindi nocitaninga mana.
Twakukomba kuti utalubizyi kosyoma kuti kwiina ntenda iiliko kuti kakucili bantu banji babungene mucikombelo. Musololi wacikombelo cako ambweni walo wakalisaina kukkala mumusinze. Mukwasyi wacikombelo cako ambweni awalo wakasala kuti ukkale cakuliiba muzyuuno zyacikombelo kwiinda kukatazyigwa kulikulaika kubweza ciciingano kutobela Mufutuli nkwagama. Bantu boonse mbozyi kale mubuumi bwako inga baukaka mulumbe wa mvwula ya Moza Usalala nkukula nsoke iicaalizya kuwa, akukaka mumuni uuyungizya kumwesya atalaa kkalenda lyokwa Taata. Pele eeco tacili cintu weboncokonzya kubelesya kulilekelela kumulimo wako wakutambula kasimpe pe. Mwami Yahuwah wakutondezya masimpe lino yebo. Zileleko zitaambiki zilindila bantu aabo balangila, basyoma akuteelela.
Pele nzila yabaluleme ili mbuli mumuni uumwekesya, kuumwekesya kuya kumbele kusikila kubuzuba bukkwene kusalala. (Tusimpe 4:18)
Azimwi zyakubala zijatene acibalo eeci:
1 "Mweengwe Wakubalila Mazuba Munyika Yoonse tiiwakaanzwa kusikila mumyaka ya kuma 1880, pele mulimo wakubamba mweengwe wamusyobo ooyo atalaa Nyika kuti ubambulule mazuba, wakajanwa ankamu yabasibwato bokwa Magellan, balo kuzwa mu 1519 kusikila mu 1521, mbabakali bantu bataanzi mumusela wesu kuzinguluka nyika abwato." (Peterson, James F., Sack, Dorthy., Gabler, Robert E.. “Physical Geography.” 11th ed. Cengage Learning, Mulumi. 4, 2016. Education. 672 pp. p. 34. http://tinyurl.com/kps2efn, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 11, 2017.)
2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/international-date-line.html, cakazubulwa mu Mukubwe Kaangala 29, 2017.
3 Mweengwe wa Greenwich (Prime Meridian) wakabambwa mu 1851 aba George Biddell Airy, ba Simyeelwe alimwi basyaazibwene banyenyezi baku Engilandi. Ooyu mweengwe wa Greenwich mazubaano, nguubelesyegwa kupima Ciindi ca Nyika Yoonse. Kusala mweengwe ooyo kuti ube busena bwakutalikila kupima ciindi, “wakali mulimo wakusendekezya buya. Wakaimvwi buyo atalaa kuliyanda akuyungizya makwebo." (http://www.livescience.com/44292-international-date-line-explained.html, cakazubulwa mu Mukubwe Kaangala 29, 2017.)
4 http://www.livescience.com/44292-international-date-line-explained.html, cakazubulwa mu Mukubwe Kaangala 29, 2017.
5 Astronomical Applications Department of the U.S. Naval Observatory, http://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/docs/international_date.php, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 8, 2017.
6 Izuba, nkaambo kakuti lileendesya kwiinda mwezi, lyoonse lili kumbele kwamadigilii aali 12.2° bomwe bomwe buzuba. Cintu citobela ncakuti, lilasolola kumbelaa mwezi cakuti lilazinguluka akusiya mwezi alimwi akuyooweenzya kakwiindide mazuba aali 29.5 (12.2° x 29.5 = 360° = kuzinguluka ciindi comwe). Kwiimpana kwa mwezi-azuba nceciindi eelyo zuba nolyeenzya mwezi akulibonya mubusena bomwe amwezi, kaindi kasyoonto kalitaninga wiinda muvwi mwezi akusolola kuya kumbele, kalitalika mwezi mupya uutobela. Eeco ciindi mwezi-azuba nozyeendela antoomwe akwiimpana, caambwa kuti nceciindi nuutalika “mwezi mupya”.
7 Ibbala lisanduludwe kuti "ziindi zyamwaka" mu Matalikilo 1:14 ndyakuti mo'ed. "Mo'edndibbala libelesyegwa kwaamba miswaangano yoonse yakubunganina kupaila. Eelyo bbala lyakali swaangene kapati a civwuka cisetekene lwaco. . . . ooko Mwami [Yahuwah] nkwaakali kuswaanganina abana ba Isilayeli muziindi zyakasalidwe kuti abayubunwide kuyanda Kwakwe. Eeli ndibbala libelesyegwa kanjaanji mukwaamba miswaangano yakukomba . . . yabantu bokwa [Yahuwah]." ("Lexical Aids to the Old Testament," Hebrew-Greek Key Word Study Bible,p. 1626.)
8 Nokuba kuti swebo tubelesya mincini yamazubaano kuti tujane ciindi cini eelyo mwezi-azuba noziimpana, iswe tatubelesyi mweengwe wakaanzwa amuntu kuti tubalile mazuba; pele, tubelesya mimuni ilikke iijanwa akulibonya mumweenya wa Kujulu, kuti tupime ciindi akubalila mazuba, mbweenya mbutwakalaililwa mu Matalikilo 1:14. Bantu bansiku bakalaa maanu kwiinda ndiswe alimwi bakali kweendelana azilengwa leza zyamumeenya wakujulu kwiinda ndiswe mbotubede mazubaano. Eeci ncecintu cilibonya mumayake aansiku manjaanji aajanwa kuzinguluka nyika aayo aakonzya kupima ciindi nocisika cakubaya kwamwezi azuba, ziindi zyamwaka eelyo mazuba amasiku naayelene, azimwi zinjaanji. Alimwi bakali kukonzya kuzyiba kakuyanda kucitika cintu mumweenya wakujulu kakwiina kubelesya mincini mbuli ndiswe mbotucita mazuba aano.
9 Sola Scriptura nkokwali kulilauka kwa Basikutongooka aabo Bakabambulula lusyomo lwabo. Aaya mabala aamulaka waci Latini aamba kuti "Mangwalo Alikke."
10 "Mulimo wamweengwe wakutalikila kubalila mazuba munyika, wakabaa mpuwo mumusela wa 13th eelyo basyaazyibwene bazilengwa leza nibakagambwa kuti muntu uuli mubwato inga wafwamba kubalila ciindi nokuba kusweekelwa mazuba munzila iili boobo. . . . . Bapoopo banjaanji amalelo manjaanji akatalika kulibikkila myeengwe yakubalila ciindi kweendelanya mbuli zisi zyabo." (The Jerusalem Post, http://www.jpost.com/Jewish-World/Judaism/Ask-the-Rabbi-A-matter-of-time-167236, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 18, 2017.)
11 http://adventist.ph/philippines-profile, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 8, 2017.
12 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department_of_Alaska, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 12, 2017.
13 BBC News quoting Michael Walsh, the Kiribati Honorary Consul to the UK, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-13334229, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 13, 2017.
14 http://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1736567/jewish/The-Sabbath-the-International-Date-Line-and-Jewish-Law.htm, cakazubulwa mu Kaanda Kaniini 18, 2017.