Makanaa Pasika Aakopa Mizeezo

Cakali cintu cikatazya kutaanguna kwaamba eelyo muntu umwi walo naakajana cintu cimwi. Kwakali tukomwekomwe twakalaalabene, katubumbilidwe tombe abulongo bwamisela yamyaka minjaanji, zyoonse eezyo tiizyakali kuubaubya mulimo wakufwambaana kuyubununa cakasisidwe pe. Ooyu muntu Uufumba migonti munyika, nokuba boobo, wakakkazyika camba. Wakabolyonga mubulongo, kabwezelela kabotu kabotu kabeela kali koonse nkaakali kukonzya kuzwezya, akukabambilila, kukayobola kusikila kukabeela kasyoonto mbuli kadonsi aako nkaakazwezya. Eelyo naakamanizya kusya kusikila toonse tupandupandu twakaceede ansi nitwakavwukkwidwe, ndendilyo eelyo mulimo mupati wini wakuswaanganya zibeela eezyo antoomwe niwakatalika ncobeni.

Kabambilila kupukuta kabotu kabotu cabusungu itombe lyakali atubeelabeela, ooyu sikufumba mugonti, wakasalazya, akucita mulimo wakubambulula akujokolosya kabeela komwe komwe mbukakeelede kulibonya. Mpoonya naakamanizya boobo, wakatalika kuswaanganya akusekkelela zyoonse antoomwe kunembo lyakwe. Kasyonkelela kabeela komwe komwe aawa awaalya, wakasoleka kujana nzila yakubamba cintu ceebeka akulangika kabotu kuzwa kuzikomwekomwe eezyi; mpoonya kwakatalika kuyaa kulibonya cintu cilibotela naakali kuyaa buswaanganya tubeela ooto. Ma! Bulondo bwakubumba cintu ceebeka boobo, bwakatalika kulibonya; kwakalibonya mabazu aakasyinguludwe akubumbililwa atalaa musemo ooyo wakali kulibonyaanga wakali suumbene cakuti tiiwakali kukonzya kwiimikizya cibumbwa eeco.

Kumamanino, makanze aakwe aakubambilila kabotu kabotu, akajana bulumbu. Bunkutwe bwakwe akuyuma kubeleka, kwakasandula zibeela zyakakomookede kuti zyibe nsuwa yeebeka, eeyi nsuwa yakali imwi akataa zyeezyo zyamusyobo ooyo zyatakaninga janidwe munyika.

Boonse aabo bayandaula kasimpe abalo beelede kuba bantu bafumba akubbilila kuya ansi. Bulongo atombe lyaziyanza azilengwa zyabantu, abusofwaazi bwakoofwaala mukukomba mituni, bwakavwukkila tusimpe tulibotela twa Kujulu tunjaanji. Kuti twapukuta akukukwida kumbali kulubizya koonse ooko, cituyubunwida kasimpe, akutujokolosyela bulemu oobo bweelede kukasimpe aako, alimwi ncintu ciyandisya bulondo, akubambilila kapati kokkazyikide camba kucita mulimo ooyo. Umwi mulazyo wabaabo boonse bayandaula kasimpe ngwakuti, lyoonse beelede kubikka mumizeezo yabo kuti kasimpe takakonzyi kulileba pe. Kuti naa kampango ka Mangwalo kamwi kalibonyaanga takeendelani akampango kamwi, ooku nkutambwa kubantu aabo kwaamba kuti: Kodibaulisya kuya ansi aawa! Kucili kasimpe kaciyandika kuyubununwa aako kakonzya kweendelana atusimpe twakalibonya akuzyibwa kale.

Cimwi cibaka ca Mangwalo eeco cakazinga basikwiiya ba Bbaibbele, ntwaambo tujanwa mumabbuku aa Mateyo, Maako a Luuka ooto tulibonyaanga tatweendelani atwaambo tugaminina kwaambwa munzila iisalala mubbuku lya Johani. Basicikolo banjaanji baamba kuti mubbuku lya Mateyo, Maako a Luuka kuli ‘Milumbe’ iikonzyana nkaambo eeyo milumbe ijisi makani aayendelana mubweende bwazyintu zyipedwe mumo. Pele mubbuku lyane, lyokwa Johani, kuli kwiimpana mubweende bwazyintu zyaambwa oomo.

Kunyina akumbi pe ooko nkocilibonya kwiimpana kwiinda mumalembe aaPasika aaciliko mazubaano. Milumbe mibotu iili mumabbuku otatwe aayo, yoonse ilangikaanga ilazuminana kuti buzuba bomwe oobo mbobuzuba bwa Pasika, pele oobo buzuba buliimpene aboobo bujanwa mumulumbe wabbuku lya Johani.

Mubwini, kwiina aawa cilibonyaanga cilisalalide pe. Pele, kasimpe kunyina pe nokakonzya kulileba keni! Masimpe kuti mubuumi oobu mibuzyo yoonse tiikonzyi kwiingulwa pe. Yahuwah kunyina nagwisya zyoonse zyitupa kudonaika nkaambo walo ubikkide mpindu kapati mulwaanguluko lwamuntu. Walo kunyina pe nasinikizya bantu kuti basyome kuti kabatayandi kusyoma. Aboobo, lyoonse anooliko mabbuku oomo mobanoosimpila kudonaika aabo batayandi kusyoma. Muziindi eezyo, mulimo wamuntu uusyoma kuti abelesye lusyomo lwakwe muli Yooyo uutabeji. Mbutwaamba boobo, kuti twavwuntaulisya bumboni boonse bupedwe, inga twalijanina kuti mulumbe mubotu uleendelana mumabbuku woonse aambwa mu Bbaibbele atalaawa. Bbuku lyomwe lyomwe lilaa zyibeela zyamulumbe mubotu, eezyo kuti zyateelelwa kabotu, zyiyubununa kuti kunyina kwiimpana pe.

Ntootu tumpango twakazambaila mizeezo yabantu:

Mateyo 26:17 - " Lino mubuzuba butaanzi bwa pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe mimena basikwiiya bakeza kuli . . . [Yahushua], kabaamba kuli nguwe kuti, “Nkukuli ooko webo nkoyanda kuti tukakubambile kutegwa webo ukalye Pasika?"  (KJV¹)

Maako 14:1 - "Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya pasika, alimwi acinkwa citakwe mimena: alimwi bapaizi bapati abalembi bakayandaula nzila yakuti bamujate cakusisikizya abumpelenge, kutegwa bamujaye.."

Luuka 22:7 - "Mpoonya bwakasika buzuba bwa cinkwa citakwe mimena, eelyo pasika niwaali kuyasilwa."

Aawa kuzingwa mizeezo kuboolela kuzwa mutumpango tulaatala aawa eelyo notweezyekwa azyilembedwe mubbuku lya Johani oomo mwaamba caacitika mumulalilo wamamanino muli Johani 13: “Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lya pasika, eelyo . . . [Yahushua] wakalizyi kuti woola lyakwe lyasika lyakuti ayaamuke kuzwa munyika eeyi, kuya kuli Taata, kabayandide bakwe aabo bakali munyika, walo wakabayanda kusikila kumamanino.”  (Johani13:1)

Oomu, mbeenya mbuli mutumpango atumwi twa Bbaibbele tukopa, Mangwalo alipede kale bwiinguzi. Mulawo ookwa Mozesi, ooyo Uupa-Mulawo, Yahushua, ngwaakali kubamba cabulondo, ulasalazya kutondezya ziindi zya Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Mimena.

Mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi mutaanzi kumangolezya ngu . . . pasika ookwa [Yahuwah]. Alimwi mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi ngweenya ooyu ndipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe mimena kuli . . . [Yahuwah] mazuba aali ciloba mweelede kulya cinkwa citakwe mimena. Mubuzuba butaanzi nywebo mweelede kubaa muswaangano uusetekene: tamweelede kucita mulimo uli woonse mubuzuba oobo pe.  (Bapaizi / BaLevi 23:5-7)

Aaka kampango kalasalazya kutondezya mazuba obile aamapobwe aandeene obile:

• Pasika muli bwa Abibu 14

• Buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena muli bwa Abibu 15

Johani 13 waamba buyo kuti: “Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lya pasika . . . Aawa mpaalibonya kwiimpana amazuba aapedwe mubbuku lya Bapaizi!

• Mateyo: Lino mubuzuba butaanzi bwapobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakeza kuli Yahushua.

• Maako: Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya Pasika, alya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena.

• Luuka: Mpoonya buzuba bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena bwakasika, eelyo Pasika niwakeelede kuyasilwa..

Eelyo nokubunganyigwa tubeelabeela twiindene twa Mangwalo, mazuba aapedwe aa Pasika a Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena mbuli mbwaalembedwe mu BaLevi 23 ayelede kubambwa mbweenya mbwaalembedwe. Aaya ngamazuba ‘aakobelela’ akulesya kuzingwa mizeezo. Taakonzyi kutonkelwa ambali pe. Aboobo, kweelede kupegwa busanduluzi bumwi ncokulibonya aanga mabbuku amwi abikkide antoomwe buzuba bwa Pasika abuzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe bumena mubuzuba bomwe. 

Kaambo kataanzi keelede kulangisyigwa nkakuti mabbuku aaMateyo 26:17 aMaako 14:1 akayungizyilwa mabala mukusandulula Mangwalo kuya mumulaka wa Cikuwa aayo mabala aatajanwi mumalembe mataanzi. Aaya mabala aacengeme ansi lyawaawa ngamabala aayo basanduluzi ngibaayungizya kutumpango tulembedwe mumabbuku aayo:

• "Linomubuzuba butaanzi bwa pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakaboola . . . ." (Mateyo 26:17)

• "Mumazuba obile kwakali kuyooba pobwe lya pasika, alya cinkwa citakwe bumena . . . ."  (Maako 14:1)

Kakunyina majwi aambi, Mateyo waamba buyo kuti: “Lino butaanzi bwacinkwa citakwe mimena basikwiiya bakaboola . . .” Kuyungizya mabala aasiidwe mukaambo aako, Maako waamba kuti: “Mumazuba obile wakali pasika, alimwi abwacinkwa citakwe bumena . . . .”

Mukampango kazwa mubbuku lya Mateyo, ibbala lya “butaanzi” lizyila kubbala lya πρώτος (prōtŏs) eelyo lyaamba kuti “cakutaanguna (muciindi, mumundando nokuba mukuyandika).” ² Lilakonzya akwaamba kuti “matalikilo” akuti “ciinda kubota” pele lilakonzya akusandululwa munzila iiluleme kuti “kakutaninga”. Eelyo bbala lya πρώτος (prōtŏs) nolisandululwa kuti “kalitaninga ” Mateyo 26:17 waamba kuti: “Linokalitaninga sika lyacinkwa citakwe bumena basikwiiya bakaboola . . .” Eeci cilazuminana a Johani 13:1: Lino kalitaninga sika pobwe lyapasika . . ."

Maako weelede kulangisyigwa nkaambo eeco citobela mpeenya aawo, makani aakunanikwa kwa Yahushua ku Betani ciindi capobwe kuŋanda ya Saimoni. Cintu citaanzi nokuba boobo, kweeledwe kumvwisyisya ncobeni nzila bana ba Isilayeli mbubaali kubelesya majwi amwi, kapati aajatikizya “Pasika” amajwi “aacinkwa citakwe bumena.” Eeci ncecitupa cibeela citobela kutupandulwida makani aaya mu Mangwalo.

Kubala Zyaatola busena mumvwiki ya Kukankaminwa . . . cituyubunwida kasimpe kakuti majwi aakuti C[izuminano] C[ipya] τά ἄζυμα ("cinkwa citakwe bumena"), . . . alalibonya ziindi zikubwene mumulumbe mubotu aawo mpokwaambwa ciindi ca pasika. Aaya majwi taali mabala aatwaambyo; pele, boonse bobile Maako a Luuka bakalaamvwisyide aciindi nibaali kulemba Mangwalo, mazina aamapobwe τò πάνοχα a τά ἄζυμα akali kucincana kubelesyegwa.³   Nokuba boobo, ibbala lyabili litobela majwi aaya lilibonya kuti Luuka ndyaakali kuyandisya kapati eelyo naakali kwaamba ciindi ca pasika,⁴ aMateyo awalo.⁵   Josephus awalo ulitondezyede mbwaakali kucincauzyigwa mabala aaya kubelesyegwa mumazuba ngaakali kupona.⁶ Awalo wiita buzuba “bwakkumi abwane” kuti “buzuba bwa cinkwa citakwe bumena."^7,8

Mulaka wabantu ulacinculuka ziindi zinjaanji kwiinda nzila yomwe. Mbweenya buyo abbala lyakuti “Kkilisimasi” mbolyaambilizya Nalupale 25, lilaambilizya aciindi eeco cili munsaa buzuba oobo, ciindi camwaka nanka camwezi wa Nalupale. Kusikila kuciindi ca Mesiya, majwi aa “cinkwa citakwe bumena” a “Pasika” akatalikide kale kwiiminina mabala aambilizya mvwiki yoonse, kutalikila mubuzuba bwa Pasika (Abibu 14) kuya kumbele mumazuba aali ciloba aapobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Bumena eelyo lyakali kutalikila muli bwa Abibu 15.  

Balembi bobile balaa mpuwo bamusela mutaanzi A.D, balacincauzya kubelesya bbala lya “Pasika” abbala lya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe Bumena” mukwaamba ciindi ca Pasika; zimwi ziindi kababelesya “Pasika” mukwaamba pobwe lyoonse amazuba aandilyo antoomwe. Aaba balembi mbaa Philo waku Alexandria (20 BC - AD 50) a Josephus (AD 37 - circa AD 100). 

Kutegwa twaambo tujatikizya pasika twabalembi bamusela mutaanzi tuteelelwe, ncintu ciyandika kuti mazina aamapobwe aabo kaalembedwe akusandululwa. Aaya mabala amajwi ali mumulaka uutazyibidwe, alimwiinga kaayiminina cintu ciimpene aceeco caambwa mumulaka wakusandulula mu Cikuwa. Ngooyu mukonzyanyo mabala aaci Giliki πάσχα, nokuba ϕάσκα mbuli mbwaajanwa ziindi zimwi, alilembedwe ziindi zili kkumi azyibili muli Josephus. Iswe twaasandulula kuti pasika, ooyo waamba ziindi zinjaanji kuti mulalilo wa pasika.  Pele cintu cakali kujanwa ziindi zinjaanji , a Josephus, eelyo bbala lilacincauzyigwa abbala lyaamba pobwe lyamazuba aali lusele lya pobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena, pele ziindi zyotatwe buyo nolyaamba cigaminina buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa Nisani 14 [Abibu], kakuli ziindi zyotatwe lyaamba buyo mwanaambelele wa pasika.  Alimwi takunajenwe ciindi aawo bbala eeli πάσχα mpoliiminina buyo mulalilo luzutu, nokuba kuti lilaambilizya cituuzyo capasika amulalilo antoomwe. Muli Josephus, kuli ziindi zyili makumi obile azyosanwe nolyaambilizya kutuuzya pasika.⁹ 

Ngooyu mukonzyanyo oomo Josephus mwaakacincauzya kubelesya bbala lya “Pasika” alya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena” mumalembe aakwe aankondo (Wars II.I.1-3 oomo mwaamba kuti:

Alimwi lino pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe bumena lyakali sikide kale, eelyo liitwa kuti (pascha) [Pasika] aba Juuda, eelyo liletelezya milwi milwi yazipaziyo amakunga aabantu, kujanza limwi, kabalongomoka kuzwa muminzi kuboolela pobwe eelyo, kakuli kujanza alimwi, aabo bakali kulilaukila basilisi kabaimvwi mutempele akubunganya bantu kuti basangane nkamu yabo.¹⁰

Mukampango aaka, Josephus wakali kutondezya kuzanga kwa banaIsilayeli ooko kwakacitika muli bwa Abibu 14, Pasika, kalwiindide lufu lwa Helodi Mupati.  Wakayungizya kwaamba kuti “ipobwe lyacinkwa citakwe bumena “lyakali sikide kale” akuya kumbele kupandulula kuti eelyo pobwe lwalyo lyakali kwiitwa kuti “pasika / Pobwe Iya Kwiindilila” abana baIsilayeli.  Mbombubo mbweenya oobu mbolibelesyegwa mwalo mumulumbe mubotu eeli bbala.

Ncintu cisalala kuli Josephus kuti aaya mabala akali kucincauzyigwa mukwaamba zibeela zyobile zyapobwe alimwi akasikila waawo mpaabelesyegwa cakuti tiikwakacili kuzyibika kuti ncicili caambwa aawo. Nkaambo Josephus wakali kwaamba ciindi camazuba aali lusele aciindi cimwi kuti ndi Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena alimwi muziindi zimwi wakali kubelesya bbala lya (Pasika) mucibaka ca Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena nokuba mukwaamba ciindi coonse capobwe eelyo kuti nciindi ca Pasika . . . eeci citondezya kuti, nkanjikanji kwakacinyina kwiimpanya akataa Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Bumena alimwi kuti buzuba bwa Nisani 14 bwakali swaanganyidwe kuciindi capobwe eelyo.¹¹

Kaambo keni aaya mabala ncaakali kucincauzyigwa nkakuti cinkwa citakwe bumena cakali kulidilizyigwa amupobwe lya Pasika alimwi kuleka buyo mumazuba aali ciloba aatobela Pasika.  "Mabala aakuti τά ἄζυμα [cinkwa citakwe bumena] kakunyina kudonaika kuti akazyilide kuciyanza ca C[izuminao C[akale] , eeco cakabikkide milawo yakuti cinkwa citakwe bumena ceelede kuligwa amwanaambelele uyookedwe mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane bwamwezi waba Juuda."¹²   Mimena yakali gwisyidwe mumaanda mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane, alimwi Pobwe lya Pasika mangolezya aayo lyakali kuligwa acinkwa citakwe mimena. 

Cintu cikatazya kumvwisya mutwaambo ootu cizyila mukweezyeezya kuti bbala lyokwa Philo a Josephus lyakuti πάσχα [pasika/Pobwe lya Kwiindilila] lyoonse liiminina kusekelela kwabuzuba bwa 14 Nisani [Abibu].  Pele kwiimpanya ali ceeci, mbuli mbokwaambwa kale, eeli bbala liiminina pobwe lyoonse lya cinkwa citakwe bumena. Alimwi kunyina pe ceelede kwaambwa kuti ncoliiminna kuleka buyo eeco cilembedwe.¹³

Lino mbotwamvwisyisya kuti bbala lya “Pasika” alya “cinkwa citakwe bumena” lyakali kucincauzyigwa kwaamba pobwe aciindi capobwe eelyo coonse, alimwi akwaambilizya mazuba aali mukati kapobwe eelyo, lino nceciindi cakuti tulange alimwi kuli Maako 14:1 atumpango tutobela waawo:

Lino kwakasyeede mazuba obilo kuti lisike Pobwe lya Kwiindilila aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Basilutwe babapaizi abalembi bakali kuyandaula nzila yakuti bamujate cabucenjezu akumujaya. Pele bakalibilika kabaamba kuti: Ikutali muciindi ca Pobwe nkaambo inga bantu kabayooleta manyongwe. Mpoonya naakali ku Betaniya muŋanda yokwa Simoni sicinsenda, kakkede oomo kalya, kwakaboola mukaintu wakajisi nsazi yamafuta aanunkilila alimwi aadula kapati, aayo mafuta aaitwa kuti nado; wakajalula nsazi akutalika kutila mafuta aayo amutwe ookwa Yahushua (Maako 14:1-3)

Aawa kuli kaambo keni aaka kampango ncokamvwikaanga kaliimpene akaako kali mubbuku lya Johani:

Mpoonya . . . kakusyeede mazuba aali cisambomwe kuti litalike Pobwe lya Kwiindilila, [Yahushua] wakaboola ku Betaniya, ooko kwakali kukkala Lazalosi ooyo ngwaakabusya kuzwa kubafu. Mpoonya bakamubambila cakulya cakulalila; alimwi Maata nguwakamusomba cakulya: awalo Lazalosi wakali umwi akati kabaabo bakakkede kutebule anguwe.  Mpoonya Maliya wakabweza mafuta aanunkilila aakkwana cisela calita lyomwe, lya nado iini-ini iidulisya, eelyo wakananika maulu ookwa Yahushua akwaapukuta amasusu aakwe. Iŋanda yoonse yakazulila kununkilila mafuta aayo.  (Johani 12:1-3)

Kwiina ciindi ceelede kusoogwa kuzwanganina makani aayimpene kuti mpaali eeni aawo Maliya mpaakatila mafuta aayo : Maako waamba kuti mpaatalaa mutwe ookwa Yahushua; Johani waamba kuti nkuumaulu Aakwe.  Naba musilikani uuvwuntauzya twaambo ulizyi kuti bantu balangilizya cintu kacicitika abalo balaamba zintu ziindene nkaambo umwi waamba kuti kuli cintu comwe ncaakabona ciimpene acaumwi ncaakali kulanga, aboobo, boonse nzyobaamba inga kazyili masimpe.  Bwiinguzi buubauba aawa mbwakuti Maliya wakatila mafuta kumaulu aatalaa mutwe wa Mufutuli.

Pele kaambo keni kalibonya aanga kali ali ceeco ncaakaamba Maako kuti Pasika wakali kuyooba kakusyeede mazuba OBILE kakuli Johani waamba kuti Yahushua wakaboola ku Betaniya kakusyeede mazuba aali CISAMBOMWE kuti utalike Pasika. Kukosozya kaambo mutwaambo ootu tulibonyaanga tuliimpene, ncintu ciyandika kubweza Mangwalo mbweenya mbwaalembedwe alimwi kuleka kuyungizya cili coonse citali mumoomo.

Ncintu cuubauba kumwantukila kukososzya makani aayo aatali mumangwalo . . . “kukosozya kaambo nkotutakonzyi kweeleba.” Ootu twaambo tujatikizya dolopo lyaku Betaniya ntotwaambo tuli mumakani aawa. Hena Johani waamba kuti kunanika mafuta kwaatola busena kakusyeede mazuba cisambomwe kuti litalike pobwe lya Pasika? Nee peepe! Cilembedwe caamba kuti, “mazuba aali cisambomwe kuutaninga sika Pasika [Yahushua] WAKABOOLA KU Betaniya”(Johani 12:1). Mpoonya kumbele lyakaambo aaka, makani aakunanikwa alajuzyigwa muci Giliki abbala lyaoun eelyo liiminina kuti “mpoonya, aboobo, mbweenya oobo, kutobela waawo, mbuzyakali boobo zyintu” (Thayer). Oun ndibbala lyaamba buyo kuti kucili cintu cakatobela aawo eeco Johani ncayanda kutwaambila. Talyaambi kuti mpoonaawo wakalya mulalilo ooyo ngwaakasombwa buzuba mbweenya oobo [Yahushua] naakaboola ku Betaniya.¹⁴ Pele mukwiimpanya boobo, Maako utupandulwida zyaatola busena . Aciindi eelyo “nikwakasyeede mazuba obile kusikila bwa Pasika” (Maako 14:1a), basilutwe ba baJuuda bakapangana kuti bamujaye [Yahushua] (Maako 14:1b). Eeci cakatola busena eelyo [Yahushua] “naakali ku Betaniya muŋanda yokwa Simoni sicinsenda” (Maako 14:3). Eeci citwaambila kuti kunanikwa mafuta ooko kwaatola busena mazuba obile kuutaninga sika Pasika, alimwi[Yahushua] wakaboola ku Betaniya kakusyeede mazuba aali cisambomwe kuti lisike pobwe lya Pasika (naa mazuba one kusikila akunanikwa).

Aboobo, makani aali muli Johani taayimpene a makani aali mubbuku lya Maako. Pele kutegwa tumvwisyisye mbwaazuminana makani aaya akataa bbuku lya Johani alyokwa Maako mukaambo aaka, ncintu ciyandika kuti tucengulukile ku Mangwalo akulanga waawo aakataangunwa kulembwa makanaa Pasika. Mbuli mbukwatondezyegwa kale, mabala aa “Pasika” a “Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena” akali kubelesyegwa kwaamba ciindi coonse lisekelelwa pobwe lya pasika. Pele cintu ciindwa ambali, ncakuti eeco “ciindi” tiicakali kutalika pele kusikila muli bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi, pele muli bwakkumi kwakali mulimo wakulibambila wakali kucitwa.

Lino Mwami Yahuwah wakati kuli Mozesi a Aloni mu Ijipiti, “Ooyu mwezi uyooba ngomwezi wanu mutaanzi mumwaka.” Amwaambile bantu Baisilayeli boonse kuti, “Mubuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi uuno, umwi aumwi muntu uleelede kusalila mukwasyi wakwe kabelele. Mumukwasyi omwe-omwe kabelele komwe. Kabelele aako kaleelede kuti kakanyina kampenda, kagutu kamwaka omwe. Kalakonzya kuba kabelele naa kapongo. Mukabambilile kabelele aaka kusikila mubuzuba bwakkumi abwane bwamwezi ooyu, ndendilyo buleya boonse bwa Isilayeli nibuyoojaya tubelele twabo kumangolezya. (Langa Kulonga 12:1-3, 5, 6.)

Buzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi mutaanzi mbobwakali buzuba mukwasyi omwe omwe niwakeelede kulisalila kabelele kagutu nokaba kajembwe kana kuti kakabe cituuzyo cakupaizya. Mbuli cinkonzya ca Mufutuli, aako kabelele kakeelede kubula kampenda nokuba kabata kali koonse.  Ootu tunyama twakali kubambililwa akuletwa mumaanda, kusanzyigwa akusaninwa. Eelyo eeci nicaali kucitwa boobo, mukwasyi woonse wakali kutalika kuyandisya akumvwana akanyama aaka kayandwa boobu. Aboobo, eelyo aaka kanyama nikaayasilwa, cakali kuba cintu cilemu mukati kamukwasyi nkaambo cakali cinkonzya ca Mwanaambelele ookwa Yahuwah ooyo wakali kuyooyasilwa zinyonyoono zyanyika.

Kumvwisyisya kuti bbala lya “Pasika” lyakali kwiiminina zinjaanji kwiinda buyo kwaambilizya buzuba bumwi bwa Abibu 14, bamwi basikwiiya bakasoleka kulombozya kuti oobo buzuba eelyo Yahushua naakananikwa, mubwini bwakali buzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi – buzuba bwini oobo tunyama twakuyasila cituuzyo nitwaali kusalwa. Katwiibaluka kuti ba Hebulayo bakali kubalila mazuba aabo munzila yakusanganya, kuleka nzila yakugwisyila mazuba mbuli mbokucitwa mazubaano, ciindi ca pobwe lyakali Mufutuli kuŋanda yokwa Saimoni cakali ciindi ceelela kuti cakali ciindi cabuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi.

Mumajwi aakwe Mufutuli ulibonya kuti Walo wakalizyi cakali kwaambilizya makani aali mumucito wa Maliya mukumunanika mafuta: Eelyo basikwiiya nibakatalika kunonga bwaabi bwa Maliya, Yahushua wakati kuli mbabo: “Amumuleke. Nkaambo nzi ncomumukatazyila? Wandijatila mulimo mubotu Ime.” (Maako 14:6, NKJV) Mpoonya, wakaambilizya lufu Lwakwe lwakali kuswena kakusyeede mazuba one, Wakayungizya kuti:

Nkaambo munooli limwi abacete lyoonse munsi lyenu, alimwi kufumbwa nomuyanda inga kamubacitila zibotu lyoonse; pele Ime nsyenooli akati kenu lyoonse pe. Walo wandicitila ncaali kukonzya kundicitila. Wacita mbwaali kukonzya kuti ananike mubili Wangu kuubambila kuti ukazikkwe kabotu.”  (Maako 14:7, 8, NKJV) 

Eelyo pobwe, mubwini, lyakali mulalilo ooyo mufalisi uuvwubide wazyina lya Saimoni, ndyaakabambila “kulumba” Mufutuli. Yahushua wakaponya Saimoni kuzwa kucinsenda (langa Maako 14:3 ) alimwi mubulumbu bwakwe kukuponyegwa ooko, Saimoni wakatamba Mufutuli, abasikwiiya Bakwe a Lazalosi kuti balalile antoomwe zintu zinona zyakulya kulilekela. Mwanaa Saimoni musankwa, awalo wakali umwi akataa basikwiiya bali kkumi ababili aabo. Ooyu ngo sikwiiya, walo mubupaale bwaŋanda yokwabo, wakataanguna kunonga bwaabi bwa Maliya nkaambo kakupa cipego cilibotela boobu ku Mufutuli, mukucita boobo wakali kufubaazya Mufutuli awalo mukutambula cipego eeco.

Aboobo kali ku Betaniya, kakkede kutebule, kwakaboola mukaintu ooyo wakajisi nsazi iijisi mafuta aadulisya kapati aa nado muŋanda ya Simoni sicinsenda. Mpoonya wakapwaya nsuwa eeyo akutila mafuta atalaa mutwe Wakwe.  (Maako 14:3)

Pele umwi wabasikwiiya Bakwe, Judasi Sikaliyoti, mwana musankwa ookwa Saimoni ¹⁵ ooyo wakali kuyoomwaaba Walo, wakati, “Nkaambo nzi aaya mafuta ncaataulisyigwi madinali aali myaanda yotatwe akupegwa kubacete?” Wakaamba boobu, kuleka kuti wakali kukombelela bantu bacete pe, pele nkaambo wakali mubbi naa kabwalala, alimwi nguwaali kusunga nkomo yamali; wakalizyibide kuligwasya mali aakali munkomo eeyo. Pele . . . [Yahushua] wakati, “Amumuleke mumusiye alikke; wakabambilwa buzuba bwakuzikkwa Kwangu. Nkaambo lyoonse inywe munikuli limwi abacete, pele Ime nsyenooliko lyoonse pe akati kenu.”  (Johani 12:4-8)

Bamwi basikwiiya, aabo bakali kuyandana a Judasi nkaambo kabuvwubi bwakwe, musyobo abupaale bwakwe, bakafwamba kutobela mukonzyanyo wakwe. Nkukalala kwa Judasi eelyo Mufutuli naakamusinsa cakubomba kumulalilo waalidwa muŋanda yawisi, eeco cakapa kuti mpeenya aawo Judasi akanze kuyoomwaaba Yahushua mumaanza aabapaizi. Aboobo wakayandaula nzila yakusisikizya kuti akamwaabe katakubwene kuti ngu Judasi wacicita eeco. Naakamanizya kulemba cakali kwaamba Yahushua kuli basikwiiya, majwi eeni ngaakatobela kulemba Maako ngakuti: “Mpoonyaawo Judasi Sikaliyoti, umwi wabasikwiiya bali kkumi ababili, wakaunka kubapaizi kuti akamwaabe kuli mbabo. Mpoonya nibakamvwa boobo, bakakkomana, alimwi bakamusyomya kumupa mali.”  (Maako 14:10, 11)

Bumboni buyungizya atala butondezya kuti mulalilo ooyo wakalidwa muŋanda ya Saimoni kuti wakatola busena mubuzuba bwakkumi bwamwezi, bulakonzya kujanwa mumakani aatobela muzyintu zyakacitika eelyo nilyaamanizya kuligwa pobwe kuŋanda ya Saimoni:

1. Judasi wakaswaangana abasilutwe babapaizi abasololi kuti aabe Yahushua.  (Langa Luke 22:1-6.)

2. Buzuba bwakatobela pobwe nilyakalidwe muŋanda ya Saimoni, Yahushua wakanjila mumunzi wa Jelusalema kayaa kutembaulwa akutambulwa mbuli walupatipati ulaampuwo kapati.  (Langa Matthew 21:1-11 a John 12:12-15.)

3. Naakasika ku Jelusalema, Yahushua wakasalazya tempele eelyo naakakwabbaula basambazi abasikucinca mali.  (Langa Luke19:45-48.)

4. Kuli zimwi zinjaanji zilembedwe mumulumbe mubotu eezyo zyakacitika mumazuba aakatobela kunjila mu Jelusalema kayaa kutembaulwa akutambulwa mbuli walupatipati ulaampuwo kapati, mbuli leelyo ba Giliki nibaali kuyanda kumubona Yahushua.  (Langa John 12:20-33.)

Kuti pobwe lyakaligwa muŋanda yokwa Simoni nilyakali mubuzuba bwakkumi abwabili (12)^th, mazuba obile buyo aceede kuti busike buzuba bwakkumi abwane (14^th), nikwatakaba ciindi cinji cakuti zyoonse eezyi zilembedwe mu Mangwalo , zilembwe mbuli mbozyaacitika akataa pobwe eelyo aMulalilo Wamamanino. Eeci ncecitondezya kuti aleendelana makanaa mulumbe mubotu muli Johani amuli Maako.

Cimwi cintu ciswaanganya milumbe iili mumabbuku one eeco cisalazya kutondezya kuti kukankaminwa, ooko kwakatola busena mubuzuba bwa Pasika, oobo bwakali “Buzuba bwa Kulibambila."

Mateyo 27:59, 60 a 62 - "Alimwi eelyo Josefa naakamana kugwisya mubili wa [Yahushua], walo wakuuzambaila mumulembo uusalala, Alimwi wakuulazyika mucuumbwe cakwe cipya, eeco ncaakalipakwida mumpako yabbwe: alimwi wakakunkulisya bbwe lipati kuya kumulyango wacuumbwe, akupiluka.  . . . Lino buzuba bwakatobela, oobo bwakatobela buzuba bwakulibambila, basilutwe babapaizi bakaboola antoomwe kuti bavwiyevwiye a Pilato . . . ."

Maako 15:42 - "Alimwi lino mangolezya naakasika, nkaambo oobo buzuba bwakali buzuba bwakulibambila, buzuba busolweda bwa Nsabata, Josefa waku Alimateya, . . . wakaunka kakkazyikide camba kuli Pilato, akuyookumbila mubili ookwa . . . [Yahushua]."

Luuka 23:53, 54 - " Nkabela walo [Josefa waku Alimateya] wakaanzula akukkomonona mubili, akuuvwungaila mumulembo, alimwi wakuulazyika mucuumbwe eeco cakapakwidwe mubbwe, oomo mwatakalazyikidwe muntu kuzwa nicaapakulwa. Alimwi oobo bwakali buzuba bwakulibambila, nkabela Nsabata yakali kuzyaabuswena."

Oobu mbumboni bukosozya makani, buli mumilumbe yone mibotu buleendelana kujatikizya mazuba aa Pasika aPobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Mukkalenda litobezya mwezi azuba, buzuba bwa Pasika lyoonse busikila mubuzuba bwa kkumi abwane (14^th ) bwacisambomwe mumvwiki.

Mbokuli boobo, buzuba bwakatobela, buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena, lyoonse bwakali kusika mubuzuba bwaciloba bwa Nsabata oobo mu Bapaizi 23:6 bwaambwa kuti bwakali buzuba bwakkumi abwasanu bwamwezi. Mangwalo ayita buzuba bwakkumi abwane bwa Pasika kuti, “mbuzuba bwakulibambila.” Bantu banji babamba Nsabata babelesya bbala eelyo kwaamba kuti mbobuzuba bwacisambomwe, nkaambo butondezya kuti buzuba bwacisambomwe mbuzuba bwakubeleka, kulibambila Nsabata mubuzuba butobela alimwi ncintu cikonzyeka kuti bana Isilayeli bakali kubelesya bbala eeli munzila njeenya eeyo. Mangwalo lwawo eeni, nokuba boobo, aamba buyo kuti buzuba bwa kkumi abwane naa bwiitwa kuti bwa Pasika – mbuzuba busolweda buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena.

Nkaambo buzuba butaanzi bwa Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena lyoonse bwakali kusikila mu Nsabata yamvwiki amvwiki, buzuba oobo bwakali kwiitwa kuti “Nsabata Mpati."

Mpoonya wakacengamika mutwe Wakwe, walo wakafwa akulekezya muya Wakwe. Aboobo, nkaambo bwakali Buzuba bwa Kulibambila, kutegwa mibili itakajaniki kiicili ampanda mu Nsabata (nkaambo eeyo Nsabata yakali Nsabata mpati), bama Juuda bakalomba Pilato kuti maulu aabo akompoolwe, kutegwa batolwe kooko niitaninga sika Nsabata.  Johani 19:30, 31, NKJV

Buzuba bwa Kulibambila bwakali buzuba bwakubeleka. Bwakali buzuba oobo nikwakali kugwisyilwa anze kufumbwa cilaa mimena eeco cakalimumaandaa bantu nkaambo (mimena wakali mukonzyanyo wacinyonyoono, aboobo eeci cakali kutondezya kugwisya cinyonyoono kuzwa mumuya watempele lili mumuntu). Eelyo bana bambelele ba Pasika nibaali kujayigwa, eeco cakali kutondezya kumbelaa mazuba eelyo Mesiya nayooyasilwa zinyonyoono zyanyika. Aaka kasimpe antoomwe a Buzuba bwa Kulibambila, kalilembedwe mumulumbe mubotu, pele takalembedwe mubbuku lya Johani. Pele nokuba boobo, eeci caatikika citupa buyo makani aatusalazyila zilembedwe mu Bbaibbele kujatikizya caatola busena aciindi lini lyaacitika Pasika wakukankaminwa. 

Cakali cilengwa kuti sintolongo uusingidwe kuti kalikulika akulibwezela mapulanga aaciciingano cakwe nobayaa kumutola kukujayigwa. Nokuba boobo, Mateyo, Maako, a Luuka boonse balembede kuti umwi muntu nguwaakulikidwe ciciingano ca Mufutuli. Eeci tacili buyo cintu cilikke pe camamanino cakumvwida kweetela aluse eeco ncaakacitilwa Kristu.  Mukulanga zyoonse zyakatola busena, Mufutuli taakacijisi nguzu zyakulinyamwida mapulanga aciciingano cakwe nkaambo wakabucesya tubulu kwiina koona ŋonzi alimwi bwakakunka bulowa bunjaanji ciindi coonse eeco naakali kuumwa. Basikalumamba baku Loma bakalijanina nzila yakuti umwi muntu amubwezele ciciingano:

• Nkabela nibakayaamuka kuzwa mumunzi, bakaswaanganya mulombwana waku Sailini, wiitwa zina kuti Saimoni: bakamusinikizya ooyo kuti amubwezele ciciingano."  (Mateyo 27:32)

• " Nkabela bakasinikizya Saimoni umwi muntu waku Sailini, ooyo wakati inde ambali lyawaawo, kazyila muminzi yakali mumabalibali, alimwi ooyo wakali wisi wa Alekizanda a Lufasi, kuti amubwezele ciciingano."  (Maako 15:21)

• "Nkabela eelyo nibakali kuyaa kumukankaizya, bakajana Saimoni, muntu waku Sailini, eelyo naakali kuzyila muminzi yakali mumbali, akumukulika ciciingano, kayaa kumutobela . . . [Yahushua]."  (Luuka 23:26)

Bamwi balembi basyoma kuti oobo bupanduluzi bwa Saimoni “naakali kuzyila muminzi” nkwaamba kuti Saimoni wakali kuzyila kukubeleka kumyuunda. Nkaambo kwakali kubucedo kwini, kaambo keni kanga kabaa maanu nkakuti Saimoni wakali mumusinzo kuya ku Jelusalema ku Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena. Mabala aakuti "wakali kuzyila muminzi naa musyokwe" citondezya kuti wakeendede musinzo mulamfukwiinda “musinzo wamu Nsabata” ooyo wakazumizyidwe kweendwa mumazuba aasetekene.  Pele kufumbwa naa Saimoni wakazyila kumyuunda kukubeleka, nokuba kuti wakali mumusinzo, ilikke nzila eeco mbwaakali kukonzya kucita boobo nkuti buyo buzuba bwa Pasika abwalo mbuzuba bwakubeleka . Masimpe kuti kusanganya kaano aaka mumulumbe mubotu, cintu citondezya kuti "pobwe lya cinkwa citakwe mimena" lyakazyibidwe kwiitwa kuti ndipobwe lya Pasika.

Pele Luuka wakalemba makani aayindene.  Kulembedwe kuti: " Mpoonya bwakasika buzuba bwacinkwa citakwe mimena, eelyo pasika niwakeelede kujayigwa."  (Luuka 22:7)  Mbuli mbotwalibonena kuti mabala aa “pasika” a “cinkwa citakwe mimena” kuti akali kubelesyegwa cakucincauzya, kaajatikizya mazuba akataa buzuba oobo mwanaambelele wamuyasilo naakali kusalwa mubuzuba bwakkumi kusikila buzuba bucaalizya bwapobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena muli bwa makumi obile abumwi ( 21^st) oobo butobelwa mpeenya aNsabata yabuzuba bwaciloba muli bwa makumi obile abwabili (22^nd). Cintu citobela muli Luuka 22, mbupanduluzi buzwide twaambo bwa Mulalilo Wamamanino ooyo ngotucisekelela mazubaano kuti Mulalilo.  Kaambo kaswaanganya mabbuku aamulumbe mubotu kajanwa mukaambo kakuti ooyo Mulalilo Wamamanino wakaligwa mumawoola masyoonto buyo aakaceede kuti Mufutuli aabwe, tiiwakali mulalilo wa Pasika wini.

Muci Hebulayo, ci Alamu amuci Giliki, mbweenya buyo amu Cikuwa, kwakali mabala aayindene aatondezya kuti cinkwa cakabambidwe aamimena (cinkwa cilaa mimena) naa kakunyina mimena (cinkwa citakwe mimena). 

MUCI HEBULAYO

Cinkwa citakwe mimena = matzah (naa matzot kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = lekhem (naalekhemim kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)

MUCI ALAMU

Cinkwa citakwe mimena = patireh
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = lakhma

MUCI GILIKI

Cinkwa citakwe mimena = azumos (naa azumon nanka azuma kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)
Cinkwa cilaa mimena = artos (naa arton kuti kazyili zinjaanji.)

Kakunyina kusiya ambali cintu nociba cili buti, lyoonse Mangwalo naambilizya “Pobwe lya Cinkwa citakwe mimena”, ibbala lya cinkwa citakwe mimena ndelibelesyegwa: matzah, patireh, azumos.  Nokuba boobo, kufumbwa aawo mu Mangwalo nokwaambwa cinkwa cakaligwa mumulalilo wamamanino, kuti bbala lya cilaa mimena: lakhma, artos.  Aboobo “Mulalilo Wamamanino” wakatola busena mubuzuba bwakasolweda mulalilo wa Pasika wini.

Mbuli mbutwalibonena kale, boonse bobile Johani a Mateyo baamba kuti Mulalilo Wamamanino wakatola busena Pasika a Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena kazyitaninga citika.  Mukampango ka 1 Corinthians 11:23 and 26-28, Paulu awalo uzumanana kubelesya bbala lya cinkwa cilaa mimena eelyo nakambauka makanaa Mulalilo Wamamanino ancuyiiminina mumoza. Nokuba kuti Johani talembede makanaa Mulalilo Wamamanino, pele ugeme kwaamba kusanzyigwa matende ooko kwakatola busena kuutaninga ligwa mulalilo ooyo; Mateyo, Maako a Luuka boonse balazumina kuti cinkwa cakaligwa Mumulalilo Wamamanino ooyo, cakali cinkwa cilaa mimena, aboobo ooyo mulalilo tiiwakali mulalilo wa Pasika pe. Eeci ncintu citonkomana kwaambwa mumakani aa Johani eelyo nainduluka kwaamba buzuba bwakukankaminwa kuti bwakali buzuba bwini bwa Pasika, busolweda buzuba butaanzi bwa Pobwe lya Cinkwa Citakwe Mimena.  (Langa John 18:28; 18:39;19:14; 19:31 and 19:42.)  Kutegwa ulizyibile zinjaanji, kobala cilembedwe Mulalilo Wamamanino: Ngu Pasika naa Peepe?

Kasimpe kamaninizya kuganta kuti mulumbe mubotu uulembedwe mumabbuku one wakali kwaamba zyintu zyomwe zyakacitika mumazuba ngeenya, kalakonzya kujanwa mukaambo kakuti cisi coonse cakali swaangene mukusekelela Pentekkositi. Kuti mabbuku aaya naakali kwaambilizya Pasika uutola busena mubuzuba bwiindene aboobo bwaambwa mubbuku lya Johani, nkabela eeci nicali kunyonganya kubala mazuba aasikila ku Pentekkositi.  

Kalaafwi kuzyokela Kujulu, Mufutuli naakabukide kuzwa kubafu, Wakapa malailile aasalede kuli basikwiiya Bakwe kuti kabacikkede mu Jelusalema: “ Alimwi naakabungene ambabo wakabalailila kuti: Mutayaamuki kuzwa mu Jelusalema pe, pele kamuzumanana kulindila cisyomyo eeco Taata, ncaakaamba kuti, mwaandimvwa nceekali kwaamba ambeyo. Nkaambo ncobeni Johani wakali kubbapatizya mumeenda, pele nywebo muyoobbapatizyigwa amuuya uusalala kakutanainda mazuba manji kuzwa sunu." (Milimo 1:4, 5)

Basikwiiya bakateelela Simalelo wabo wakabukide kuzwa kubafu. Mazuba aakatobela waawo akali mazuba aakulisinsa akweempwa mumyoyo.

Ndilyona kwakamvwugwa muzuzumo kuzwa kujulu mbuli kuvwuuma kwaguwo pati lyuungisya, alimwi lyakazuzya ŋanda oomo mobakakkede. Mpoonya kwakalibonya kuli mbabo mbuli milaka yamulilo, yakaselemuka akukkala ali omwe omwe wakali akati kabo. Ndeenya eelyo boonse bakanjilwa Muuya Uusalala, alimwi bakatalika kubandika mumilaka yiindeene-indene mbubonya Muuya mbuwakabazumizya kwaambaula (Milimo 2:1-4)

Pentekkositi ndimwi lya mapobwe aciindi comwe mumwaka eelyo boonse bana Isilayeli batonkomene ndibaali kuzyokela kuzyoosekelela ku Jelusalema. Kaambo kakuti munzi wa Jelusalema wakazwide beenzu bazwa mumasi aminzi iili kulaale, kali mukampango katobela waawo.

Aciindi eeco baJuuda bankutwe kukomba aabo bakali kuzwa muzisi zyoonse zyaanyika bakali mu Jelusalemu. Aboobo muzuzumo ooyu nowakamvwugwa, bantu banji kapati bakabungana alimwi bakazingwa, nkaambo umwi aumwi wabo wakabamvwa kabaambaula mumwaambo wakwe mwini. Masimpe bakagambwa akumaninwa maanu eelyo kababuzyana kuti: “Amubone, sena aaba baambaula tabali bana Galilaya boonse? Aboobo ino caba buti kuti umwi aumwi wesu uumvwa mwaambo ngotwakazyalwa anguwo? Tobana Patiya, toba Medi, tobana Elamu, notukkala ku Mesopotamiya, ku Judaya, ku Kapadokiya, ku Ponto akucooko caAsiya, notuzwa ku Fuligiya, ku Pamfiliya, ku Ejipita akuzyooko zya Libya kufwaafwi aku Sailini, tobeenzu ba Juda antoomwe aba Juuda basandule notuzwa ku Loma, tobana Kilete abana Alabiya, toonse twabamvwa kabaambaula mumyaambo yesu kujatikizya milimo mipati yokwa . . . [Yahuwah].”.  (Milimo 2:5-11)

Ooyu mulongo wamakamu aabantu baluzubo luna Isilayeli, bakkala mumasi aazyooko ziindene, abalo bakaboolede ku Jelusalema kuti bazyoosekelele pobwe lyaciindi comwe mumwaka lya Pentekkositi.

Kuti Johani abalembi bamulumbe mubotu nibatakali kweendelana ziindi zyamalembe aabo zyabuzuba bwa pasika, mbubuti mbokunga kuleka buyo basikwiiya boonse, pele aba Juuda abalo bazwa muzyooko zya Kujwe, mbubakali kweendelana kubala buzuba bwa Pentekkositi, oobo mbubakali kubamba mubuzuba bomwe mbweenya.  Kuti nikwakali kwiimpana mizeezo amakanaa buzuba bwa pasika, nikwakaba kwiimpana akubala buzuba bwa Pentekkositi abwalo.¹⁶

Kuleka kutweetelela makani aayimpene aa kukankaminwa kwa Pasika, zilembedwe mumabbuku aamulumbe mubotu zyoonse zyileendelana!  Eeco cintu ciimpene mumakani aalembedwe mumilumbe eeyi nceciyumya kuzyiba kuti baleendelana nkaambo baamba cintu comwe munzila zyiindene, aboobo baleendelana kakwiina kukazyana kuli koonse.

Kasimpe kunyina pe nokalileba. Kuti kakuli kwiimpana, kutondezya buyo aawo aayelede kulomya kuvwuntauzyigwa.  Muzyibaka oomo Yahuwah mubusongo bwakwe mwaatakagwisya cintu cikonzya kuletela kudonaika, alimwi kalekede muntu uli woonse kuti alisyomene nokuba kulidonaikila lwakwe mwini, basyomi beelede kulisalila kuti babelesye lusyomo lwabo, nkaambo “kuti kakwiina lusyomo, ncintu citakonzyeki kumukkomanisya Walo, nkaambo ooyo uuboola kuli [Elohimu] weelede kusyoma kuti Ngonguwe alimwi nkwali ncobeni, alimwi nguulumbula boonse aabo bayandaula Nguwe camoyo woonse.”  (BaHebulayo11:6, NKJV)

Nokuba kuti muntu uutakwe lusyomo wafwamba kupa manjezyeezya akusampaula Mangwalo, sicikolo wa Bbaibbele uusyoma weelede kuliyiisya kusanyangulisya mabala (awaawo aatakwe bupanduluzi) mu Mangwalo. Kanjikanji (kutandila lyoonse) eezyo zyintu zyitukopa nkutamvwisisya cilembedwe kwesu kwini, kuleka majwi aa Mangwalo aalembedwe pe.¹⁷

Muciindi cino luzyibo mbolwaindila kuzuzya nyika yoonse, atusimpe tunjaanji twa Kujulu mbotuyaa kubambululwa akujokolosyegwa, boonse bantu balitambidwe akukulaizyigwa kuti baliibe kulisanyangwida kufumbwa cintu eeco ncobasyoma mulusyomo lwabo. Kuti cintu cisyomwa kacilaa kampenda, Muuya Uusalala ulisyomezyedwe, ulakombelezya akusolweda bantu boonse bavwuntauzya kasimpe kuti bajane luzyibo lwakasimpe aako. “Nkabela eelyo [Muuya Uusalala wa Kasimpe] waakusika, walo uyoosinsa nyika yoonse kuzinyoonyo zyayo, alimwi amubululami amumbeta."  (Johani 16:8, NKJV)

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¹ Zyoonse zyilembedwe kuzwa mu Mangwalo zyizwa mu Kinga James Version pele buyo kuti zyaambwa bumbi.

² #4413, The New Strong's Expanded Dictionary of Bible Words.

³ Maako 14:1; Luuka 22:1.

⁴ Milimo 12:3; 20:6.

⁵ Mateyo. 26:17.

⁶ Ant[iquities], XVII.IX.3; B.II.I.3, etc.

⁷ B.V.III.1. Thackeray: "Eelyo buzuba bwacinkwa citakwe mimena nibwakasika muli bwakkumi abwane," azimwi.

⁸ Grace E. Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," (original manuscript of the published article), Andrews University, James White Library,Collection 154, Box 2, Folder 1, p. 1, emphasis supplied.

⁹ Grace E. Amadon, "Important Passover Texts in Josephus and Philo,"(original manuscript of the published article), Andrews University, James White Library, Collection 154, Box 2, Folder 1, p. 1, underlined original; italics supplied.

¹⁰ Kusandululwa cigaminina aba G. E. Amadon, ibid.,p. 2.

¹¹  Barry D. Smith, “The Chronology of the Last Supper,” Westminster Theological Journal 53:1 (1991), pp. 35 & 36.

¹² Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," op cit., p. 3.

¹³ Amadon, "Important Passover Texts in Josephus and Philo,"op cit., p. 9.

¹⁴ Oun “does not always furnish a strictly causal connection, but may be used more loosely as a temporal connective in the continuation or resumption of a narrative” (A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. F. Blass, A. Debrunner and Robert Funk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961, 234-5).  

¹⁵ Kutegwa ulomye kulijanina makani manjaanji aajatikizya Judasi Sikaliyoti kuti mwaana Simoni, langa muli John 13:2-3 and 13:26.  

¹⁶ Amadon, "The Johannine-Synoptic Argument," op cit., p. 9.

¹⁷ Kyle Pope, “Dating Passover and the Last Supper,” Ancient Road Publications.