Nguni Leza Singuzyoonse wamu Mangwalo?

Aa nguni Leza singuzuzyoonse? Hena eelyo nzizina lyaamba Baleza boytatwe–Taata, Mwana, a Muya Uusalala–mbuli mbokuyandika mu tunsiyansiya? Mwati Mangwalo apa bwiingzui bwiimpene? Atusanyangule ncoliiminina bbala lya singuzuzyoonse alimwi a mulimo walyo mu Mangwalo amu misela.

Lyaamba nzi bbala lya Singuzuzyoonse?

Busena butaanzi mpolijanwa bbala lya singuzyoonse mu Mangwalo bujanwa mu bbuku lya Matalikilo:

Matalikilo 17:1 Lino Abulamu naakajisi myaka iili makumi aali musanu aane amusanu aine, Yahuwah wakalibonya kuli-Abulamu, wati, Ndime Leza Singuzuzyoo­nse, Enda kunembo lyangu cakululama.

Yahuwah wakaliyubununa Lwakwe kuli Abulamu mbuli Leza Singuzyoonse, aayo majwi mumulaka waci Hebulayo ngakuti El Shadday (naa El Shaddai). Ibbala lyakuti Shadday (naa Shaddai) liiminina kuti Singuzyoonse, alimwi lisanduludwe boobo mu caandaano comwe-comwe kusikila zili makumi one alusele mu Cizuminano Cakale. Kweendeleanya ku Bbuku Liyubununa Mabala Aamu Bbaibbele, “libelesyedwe cigaminina buyo kwaamba zina lya bulemu.”¹ Mukusanganya kuli abulamu (Abulahamu), abamwi bamatata bobile, Isaka a Jakobe, abalao bakali muzyi Yahuwah zina lyakwe lini, mbweenya mbuli mwanaa Jakobe, Josefa.²

Ibbala lyeelene alya ci Giliki lyakuti Shaddy ndya Pantokrator (naa Pantocrator) eelyo lizyila ku bbala lyakuti pas, eelyo liiminina kuti zyoonse naakuti cili coonse, alya kratos eelyo liiminina nguzu, bweendelezi, nguzu, busungu.³ Ibbala lya Pantokrator lilalibonya ziindi zili kkumi mu Cizuminano Cipya, alimwi lisanduludwe kuti Singuzuzyoonse ciindi comwe-comwe. Kuswata mu Bbuku lya HELPS lya Kwiiya Mabala kulayungizya kusalazya bbala lya Pantokrator kuti ninguzu zitakwe mpozigolela kweendelezya.⁴ Kuyungizya waawo, ibbuku lya (The Complete Word Study Dictionary) liyumyayumya kuti lyalo ndejwi “lilikke lyaakananwa aa Leza.”⁵ Lino twamvwa ncoliiminina bbala lya Singzuzyoonse, atulangile afwaafwi mbolibelesyegwa mu Bbaibbele.

Nguni ngolyaamba bbala lya Singuzuzyoonse?

Mulazyo muna Athanasia wa musela wasanu⁶ utondezya Taata, Mwana a Muya Uusalala kuti omwe omwe akati kabo ngu Singuzuzyoonse ELI. Nokuba boobo, lizuuuneyene kuti eeci tacipi kuti kube bantu botatwe ba Singuzyoonse,mbwanga waamba muntu umwi, pele muntu omwe buyo.⁷ (Ooku kwaambilizya, ncobeni, takupedwe busanduluzi, bwa Mangwalo nokuba zimbi, mbobanga aaba Basinguzyoonse botatwe mbobanga bazumanana kuba Singuzuzyoonse omwe.) Nokuba boobo tazyili zikombelo zyoonse zikonzya kwiimbilizya mulazyo ooyu, bunji bwabo balizuunyene kutobela tunsiyansiya tuli muli nguwo. Ikuti, mbuli bwaamba mulazyo ooyo, Taata, Mwana, a Muya Uusalala kabalanganyigwa kuti mbaa Singuzuzyoonse, swebo tweelede kujana makani aayo kaalembedwe mu Mangwalo.

Singuzuzyoonse mu Cizuminano Cakale

Ciindi comwe-comwe ibbala lyakuti Shadday nolilibonya mu Cizuminano Cakale, lyaamba Yahuwah. BamaJuuda bansiku bakali mvwisyide kuti Singuzuzyoonse wakali Yahuwah Taata akuti Walo alikke ngowakali Leza omwe.⁸ Balo tiibakatambwide malailile nokuba busanduluzi bwa Leza wabo omwe kuti wakali bantu botatwe muli ome pe. Ncobeni, Sikusyoma baleza botatwe Robert M. Bowman, Jr., uzumina kuti nuuba muzeezo wa Leza uubambidwe aabantu botatwe tuujanwi mu Cizuminano Cakale pe.

Boonse basyoma muli baleza botatwe balazumina kuti mizeezo yakuyeeyela Yahuwah eeyo yaambidwe mu lusyomo lwa Baleza botatwe tiijanwi munzila iigaminina mu Cizuminano Cakale.⁹

Kuyungizya waawo, bbuku lya mutwe wakuti (Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics) lyaamba kuti:

Kunyina pe kusendekezya bantu bayimpene mumutwe wa Buleza mu Cizuminano Cakale; ncintu citacikwe mulimo kujana lusyomo mu kuzyalululwa nokuba lwa Baleza botatwe muma peeji aalyo.¹⁰

Mufundisi mwaambilizi Munakristu, Don Stewart ulatugwasyilila kumvwisyisya kaambo keni Yahuwah ncatamvwisyidwe mnzila iisalazyidwe kbee mbantu banji mu Cizuminano Cakale:

Lusyomo lwa Baleza botatwe ntiilwakamaninide kwaanzwa kusikila Cizuminano Cipya nicakalembedwe… Lusyomo lwa Baleza botatwe taluyubunudwe caantangalala mu Cizuminano Cakale.¹¹

Kugaminina umwi, Edmund J. Fortman, Mupaizi waba Jesuiti amwiyi wa buleza abusongo bwa bantu, upa makani aakuti balembi ba Cizuminano Cakale tiibakajisi nuuceya muzeezo wakuti Yahuwah wakali bantu botatwe muli omwe, nanka kusendekezya ceeco nociceya:

Cizuminano Cakale kunyina ncocitwaambila cigaminina nokuba ca kusendekezya Leza uuli mu bantu botatwe ooyo uuli ngo Taata, Mwana a Muya Uusalala…. Kwakanyina bumboni bwakuti mulembi wakasetekene naba ni kuti wakali kunga wayeeyela kuti kwakali [Baleza botatwe] mu Mutwe wa Buleza…. Nokuba kubona masendekezya mu Cizuminano Cakale nokuba kusolweda ‘zitondezyo zisisidwe’ zya bantu bajanwa muli Baleza botatwe ooko nkwiindilizya atalaa majwi a makanze aa balembi basetekene.“¹²

Aboobo zyoonse ziindi zili makumi one alusele, ibbala lya Singuzyoonse nolibesyegwa mu Cizuminano Cakale, libelesyegwa antoomwe a lya Yahuwah Taata kalili mu muzeezo mbwaanga ngonguwe balembi a mbungano yakali kumu swiilizya kuti nciliyubnuzyo cakwe.

Singuzuzyoonse mu Cizuminano Cipya

Ino mbuti mu cizuminano Cipya? Hena kuli mpolembedwe kwaamba Taata Yahuwah, Yahushua, nokuba Muya Uusalala kubee ngu Singuzyoonse muma peeji aalyo? Muziindi zili kkumi nokulembedwe bbala lya Pantokrator (Singuzyoonse), nciindi comwe buyo kunze lyamu Ciyubunuzyo:

2 Bakolinto 6:18 “Nzoomubeda mbuli Usowanu, anywebo muzoondibeda bana bangu baalumi abanakazi. Mbuboobo mbwaamba Yahuwah Singuzuzyoonse.

Aawa, Paulu ulailila basyomi kuti batalisanganyi kuli baabo batasyomi. Walo ulayilila kuti, “Sa Kristo a-Beliyali balakonzya kuzuminana na? Muzumini ulijisi mwaabonzi antoomwe ayooyo uutazumini?”¹³ Mpoonya walo wiinduluka kwaamba ncaamba Yahuwah kaamba kuti, “‘nzoomubeda mbuli Usowanu…,” mbwaamba Mwami Singuzyoonse.” Aboobo, kuli Paulu, Singuzyoonse ngu Taata Yahuwah kakuli Yahushua ngu Kristu.Eeci tacili cintu cingambya kulanga mbwalemba Paulu ku mbungano njeenya kuti Taata ngu Yahuwah luzutu:

1 Bakolinto 8:5-6 Nkaambo nikuba kuti nkubali baambwa baleza, nikuba kujulu naaba ansi, ee, mbanji-banji baleza abami, ⁶nekubaboobo kulindiswe kuli Leza omwe buyo, Taateesu, nguzyazwida zintu zyoonse, ngutuponena aswebo, Alimwi kuli Mwami omwe Yahushua Kristo, nguzyakalengesegwa zintu zyoonse, aswebo twakalengesegwa mulinguwe.

Mukuteelela kwa Paulu, alimwi aboobo mu kuyiisya kwakwe, kuli buyo Leza omwe, Taata; eeci tacisanganyi Mwana a Moza.

Zimwi ziindi zili fuka eelyo bbala lya Pantokratôr nolilibonya muubbuku lya Ciyubunuzyo. Kunyina busena butuzumizya kuvwunauzya comwe-comwe ca zibalo eezyo aawa; nokuba boobo, tumpango tobile, tusalazyila limwi ciga eeco ceelede kubelesyegwa mu kusanduluzya tumpango tumwi.

Nguni Singuzyoonse mu Ciyubunuzyo?

Mu cipati 19 ca Ciyubunuzyo kulembedwe kuzyokela mubulemu kwa Yahushua, mwami wa bami mukomi alimwi kali cibelesyo mu bululami bwa Yahuwah:

Ciyubunuzyo 19:14-16 And Abalo basinkondo boonse bakujulu bakali kumutobela, bakalitantide ambizi zituba, bakalisamide masani mabotu aatuba buu. ¹⁵Mukanwa lyakwe mwakazwa ipanga libosya lyakuumya masi oonse. Uyoobalela bantu amusako walubulo, alimwi uyoolyataula mwini idindi lyakusinina waini lyabukali bwalunyemo lwa-Leza Singuzuzyoonse. ¹⁶Nkabela kucikobela cakwe akucibelo cakwe kwakalilembedwe izina. Izina lyakwe ndeeli, MWAMI WABAMI, MWEENDELEZI WABEENDELEZI.”

Aawa, Johane wiimpanya akataa Yahuwah Singuzyoonse, uuzwide bukali buyoosya, a Yahushua, mwami wa bami a mweendelezi wa beendelezi¹⁴, ooyo uupa cisubulo ca bukali. Umwi wiitwa kuti ngu Singuzyoonse, pele umwi pe.

Cibalo camamanino ncotutiizubulule cipa bwiinguzi busalazyidwe ku mubuzyo wakuti nguo Singuzyoonse mu Cizuminano Cipya.

Ciyubunuzyo 21:22 Lino teendakabona cikombelo mulinguwo, pe, nkaambo Mwami Yahuwah Singuzuzyoonse ncecikombelo cawo, alakwe Mwanambelele ncecikombelo.

Johane ulaimpanya akataa Leza, Singuzyoonse, a yooyo ngwaita kuti Mwanaa mbelele. Makni aa mulumbe wa Johane atuzyibya kuti Yahushua ngo Mwanaa mbelele:

Johane 1:29 Nobwakaca wakabona Yahushua uza kulinguwe wakati, Amubone, Mwanaambelele wa-Leza, uugwisya cibi cenyika!

Kusinizya masimpe, ooyo Yahushua Mwanaa mbelele ookwa Leza, kutali Leza Mwanaa mbelele.

Nokuba kuti kuli bumboni busalazyidwe, bamwi basumapuzya Ciyubunuzyo 1:8 kuti mbumboni bwakuti Yahushua wiitwa kuti ngu Singuzyoonse mu Mangwalo:

Ciyubunuzyo 1:8 “Ndime Alfa a-Omega,” mbwaamba Mwami Yahuwah, “Uuliko, Uwakaliko, Uuyoobako, Singuzuzyoonse.”

Kweendelanya a busanduluzi bumwi, Yahushua ngonguwe uukanana mu kampango aaka, mbuli mbokupedwe bumboni mu mabala aasubila aayo aabelesyedwe kutondezya majwi ookwa Yahushua. Pele kusanyangulisya kabotu-kabotu, nokuba boobo, cilembedwe ciyubununa kuti Leza Taata nguukanana. Ngooyu mukonzyanyo, mukampango kamwi swebo tubala, tubala kuti Leza wakapa ciyubnuzyo kuli Yahushua kuti aabanye kuli balandanyina. Mukampango kabili, Johane utumizya lwaanzyo kuzwa kuli Leza ooyo ngwaamba kuti ngu “Uuliko, Uwakaliko, Uuyoobako, Singuzuzyoonse” alimwi kuzwa kuli Yahushua, ooyo wiiitwa kuti Kristu. Aboobo, Johane usalazyila limwi akataa bobile aabo:

Ciyubunuzyo 1:4-5 Johane ulajuzya imbungano zili musanu azibili zili mu-Asiya, Amube aluzyalo aluumuno kuzwa kulinguwe Uuliko, Uwakaliko, Uuyoobako, akuzwa kumyuuya iili musanu aibili iili kunembo lyacuuno cakwe, ⁵akuzwa kuli-Yahushua Kristo, ngukamboni uusyomeka, iwakasaanguna kuzyalwa kuzwa kubafu, alimwi ngumweendelezi wabami banyika. Kulinguwe iwakatuyanda, akutusanzya kuzibi zyesu mubulowa bwakwe mwini—

Mukampango ka cisambomwe, tubala kuti Yahushua wakatubikka kuba bapaizi kuli Yahuwah a Wisi wakwe.

Ciyubunuzyo 1:6 mpoonya [Yahushua, mukampango 5] wakatubamba swebo kuti tube bulelo, bapaizi kuli Leza wakwe a Wisi—kuli Nguwe akube bulemu a bulelo kwa lyoonse alyoonse. Akube boobo.

Ncobeni, Mangwalo alilembedwe kusikila munsaa ziindi makumi obile musanu kuti Yahushua ulijisi Leza! Alimwi akuti ooyu Leza uksosozya kwaanzya Kwakwe kwiinda mukulibanda nguzu Zyakwe kuti ngu Singuzyoonse mukampango ka lusele alimwi kwiinda mu kwinduluka ncaamba ku kampango kane kuti walo ngonguwe “uuliko alimwi wakaliko alimwi uuyoobako.”

Ciyubunuzyo 1:8 “Ndime Alfa a-Omega, matalikilo amamanino, mbwaamba Yahuwah Uuliko, Uwakaliko, Uuyoobako, Singuzuzyoonse,” mbwaamba Mwami Yahuwah, “uuliko, uwakaliko, uuyoobako.”

Nokuba kuti Leza Taata a Yahushua boonse bobile baambwa kuti Alpha a Omega,¹⁵ basicikolo balazumina kuti ooku takuli kutondezya buleza. Majwi aakuti alpha a omega, mabala mataanzi alya macaalizyo mumulaka waci Giliki , alanganyigwa aabamwi ktui ayiminina “matalikilo” a “mamanino.” Aboobo, taakonzyi kwaamba leza nkaambo Yahuwah, uuteeli, ncobeni takwe matalikilo nokuba mamanino.¹⁶

Mbweenya mbuli Cizuminano Cakale, mutwe wacuuno wakuti Singuzyzoonse ulibelesyedwe kwaamba buyo Yahuwah Taata mu Cizuminano Cipya alimwi kutali kwaamba Yahushua nokuba Muya Uusalala.

Misela ya Milazyo

Pele ino mbuti Mulazyo muna Athanasia,ooyo waamba kuti Taata, Mwana a Muya Uusalala omwe-omwe ngu Singuzyoonse? Basyomi banji tabakubwene kuti milazyo mitaanzi yobile iizyibidwe, yakasolweda Mulazyo muna Athanasia kwa myaanda yotatawe, ilazuminana a Mangwalo kuti Yahuwah Taata ngo Singuzyoonse.

Mulazyo Wakaindi waba Loma, (kumatalikilo aamumusela wabili):

Ime ndasyoma muli Leza Taata Singuzyoonse amuli Kristu Yahushua Mwanaakwe alikke, Mwami wesu, Ooyo wakazyalwa kuzwa ku Muya Uusalal a Muumbulu Maliya…¹⁷

Mulazyo wa Mwaapositolo (akataa musela wabili) ¹⁸:

Ime ndasyoma muli Leza, Singuzuzyoonse, Mulengi wa julu anyika, amuli Jeesu Kristu, Mwanaakwe alikke, Mwami wesu…Buzuba bwatatu walo wakabuka alimwi kuzwa kubafu. Walo wakatanta kuya kujulu alimwi ulikkde kujanza lya lulyo lya Leza Taa Singuzuzyoonse…¹⁹

Charles Morgridge, mulembi a mufundisi, ulembede kuti:

Mulazyo wa Mwaapositolo (wiitwa boobo) tuukwe majwi aamba Baleza botatwe. Mulazyo uugeme Leza omwe. Tawaambi naba muntu kuti ngu Leza pele Taata. Tawaambi naba muntu omwe kuti Singuzyoonse pele Taata. Waamba malengelo aa kulu anyika kuti kunyina wakaacita pele Taata.²⁰

Eelyo mulumbe wa Morgridge nuuyaamide ku Mulzayo wa Mwampositolo, vintu nveenya nga caambwa aku Mulazyo Wakaindi waba Loma.

Kukosozya makani

Nokuba kuti basitunsiyansiya balaambikizya kuti Yahushua ngu Pantocrator, Singuzyoonse, antoomwe a Muya Uusalala a Yahuwah Taata, ooko kutaminina takukwe bumboni buzwa mu Manngwalo. Nokuba boobo twaambo kuli mumilazyo tuyubununa kuti, Cikombelo citaanzi cakali kwaambilizya kuti Yahuwah Taata alikke ngo Singuzyoonse. Nkusikila buyo nicakaindide ciindi ca Bbaibbele eelyo lusyomo lwa Baleza botatwe, oolo lwakabumbililwa kwa ciindi cikubwene, eelyo bbala nilyakatalika kusanganya Yahushua a Muuya.

Mufundizi a sicikolo uulemekwa Larry Hurtado, upa kuzubulula ooku:

Kunyina mu cikombelo citaanzi aawo bantu mpobaamba kuti [Yahushua] ngu Leza Singuzyzoonse. Pantocrator (muleli wa zyoonse naa Singuzyoonse, Wiinda kubaa nguzu) lyoonse ndibala libelesyegwa buyo kuli Leza kusikila musela wa Byzantine. Aboobo in mu misela mitaanzi yongaye, Muleli wa zyoonse, Singuzyzoonse, ndibbala libelesyegwa buyo kwaamba Leza Taata. Kunyina nolibelesyegwa kuli Kristu.²¹

Muntu weelede kusala kuti naa Mangwalo aayoyedwe moza alikkwene mukuzyiba lusyomo nokuba zintu zyakatalika kusyoma kalilembedwe kale Bbaibbele akataa Bamatata ba Zikombelo zyakakwelelezyedwe mu buna Pulato kuti naa zilungulula mulumbe uutambulika ooyo ngotweelede kulanzya Yahuwah. Ijwi lya kucenjezye lyeelede kupegwa, nokuba boobo: ncobeni kweelede kuba milandu mukusulaika mulazyo ookwa Yahushua cakuliyandila, a lusyomo lwa Yahuwah ooyo ngwaakayubununa:

Maako 12:28-29 Lino umwi mulembi iwakamvwa nibakali kubuzyanya, abone buyo kuti wakali kubavwiila kabotu, wakamubuzya kuti, Ino nguli mulazyo uuinda milazyonyina yoonse? ²⁹Yahushua wakamwiingula wakavuwa kuti, Mulazyo mupati ngooyu, ‘KOMVWA YEBO ISILAYELI! YAHUWAH NGU LEZA WESU, YAHUWAH NGUMWI!

Johane 17:1 a 3 Yahushua aambe buyo majwi aaya, wakalungumana kujulu wakati, Taata…Mboobu buumi ubutamani, kuti bazibe nduwe, Leza mwini-mwini, ooli olike, ayooyo ngookatuma, nguwenya Yahushua Kristu.

¹ Expository Dictionary of Bible Words, Stephen D. Renn, ed., (Peabody, MA: Hendrickson Publishers, 2006) p. 27

² Matalikilo 28:1-3; 35:11; 48:3; Kulonga 6:2-3.

³ Strong’s Greek Dictionary #2904 kratos

⁴ https://biblehub.com/greek/3841.htm

⁵ Spiros Zodhiates, The Complete Word Study Dictionary: New Testament (AMG International, 1993), p. 1093-1094.

⁶Bunji bwa basicikolo balazuminana kuti mulazyo muna Athanasia tiiwakalembwa aa Athanasius (d. 373), alimwi banji bawubikka ku musela wasanu. Bamwi beezyeezya kuti wakalembwa aa Vincent waku Lérins (c. 440) nokuba umwi wa baabo bakali kumuyandisya. Britannica.com, cakazubulwa mu 1-4-20, ku https://www.britannica.com/topic/Athanasian-Creed

⁷ http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02033b.htm

⁸ Ciibalusyo 6:4 cakali mulazyo wa cisi, ikutti koyanda, cisi ca Isilayeli: “Swiilila, O Israyeli, Yahuwah ngu-Leza wesu, Yahuwah ngumwi!”

⁹ Robert M. Bowman, Jr., Why You Should Believe in the Trinity: An Answer to Jehovah’s Witnesses (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Book House, 1989), p.22.

¹⁰ Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics, ed. James Hastings, (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, Vol. 6, 1919), p. 254

¹¹ Is the Doctrine of the Trinity found in the Old Testament? Blue Letter Bible online. Cakazubulwa mu mwezi wa Miyoba 5, 2019. https://www.blueletterbible.org/faq/don_stewart/don_stewart_330.cfm

¹² Edmund J. Fortman, The Triune God: A Historical Study of the Doctrine of the Trinity, (Baker Book House, 1972), p. xv, 8, 9.

¹³ 2 Bakolinto 6:14-15.

¹⁴ “Mwami wa Bami, a Simalelo wa Basimalelo,” taali majwi aatondezya kuba leza. Nokuba kuti Yahuwah wiitwa mazina ngeenya muli 1 Timoteo 6:13-16, abamwi bakapegwa zina eeli abalao. Ngooyu mukonzyanyo, Mwami Nebuchadnezala muli Daniele 2:27 amuli Ezekiya 26:7, a Mwami Artaxerxes muli Ezula 7:12, boonse bobile baambwa kuti mwami wa bami. Ncobeni, milaka ya Bujuuda kanjaanji yakali kubelesya mazina ageme genitive case (eelyo zina nolibambulula zina limbi) mukupandulula cintu cimwi ncibakali kuyeeyela kuti “cakali kwiinda kubota” naa “cakali sumpukide” naa “cakali cipati kwiinda zyoonse.” Ngooyu mukonzyanyo, Mwami Nebuchadnezala kataninga mvwisyisya kuti Yahuwah wakali ni, walo wkamwiita kuti ngu “Leza wa baleza” nkaambo Leza wa Daniele ngowakali Leza alikke wakali kukonzya kuzubulula maloto. Aboobo, mu Ciyubunuzyo eelyo Yahushua naitwa kuti mwami wa bami a simalelo wa basimalelo nkuti biyo wakasumpulwa aa Yahuwah kuba mwami a simalelo, kutali kuti ngu Yahuwah, lwakwe. Yahushua wakapa abumboni bwakuti Yahuwah Taata wakali mupati kwiinda nguwe. Langa mu Milimo 2:36; BaFilipo 2:9-11; BaEfeso 1:17-23; 1 Bakolinto 15:23-28; Johane 14:28.

¹⁵ Yahuwah: Ciyubunuzyo 1:8 a 21:6. Yahushua: Ciyubunuzyo 22:13.

¹⁶ Kulanganya Alpha a Omega munzila iimbi: “Norton ulemba kuti aaya mabala, ‘atondezya kugozya milimo yakwe imwi; akuti eeco ncaakatalika uyoozumanana kusikila cikagole.’” (A Statement of Reasons for Not Believing the Doctrines of Trinitarians; 1877, pp. 479, 480), https://www.biblicalunitarian.com/verses/revelation-1-8

¹⁷ https://Godwords.org/church-history/creeds-and-statements-of-faith/old-roman-creed/

¹⁸ Nokuba wakali kwiitwa kuti Mulazyo wa Baapositolo, tiiwakalembwa aa baapositolo bali kkumi ababili, alimwi kuyeeyelwa kuti wakalembwa munsaa mwaka wa 150 AD, kaindi loko kabafwide kale boonse. Banji bauyeeyela kuti uyeeme ku Mulazyo wa Kaindi wa BaLoma

¹⁹ https://Godwords.org/church-history/creeds-and-statements-of-faith/the-apostles-creed/

²⁰ Charles Morgridge, True Believer’s Defense Against Charges Preferred by Trinitarians For Not Believing in the Divinity of Christ, The Deity of Christ, the Trinity, (New Bedford, 1837), p. 162-63.

²¹ Larry Hurtado, kuzwa mu mulumbe uulaa mutwe wakuti, “Paul’s Messianic Christology” accessed 1-4-20. Quote begins at 1:34:16. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhgwyopHis0&t=1860s

²² 2 Timoteo 3:15-16

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